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Buddhism

Buddhism. Googleimages.com. A Way of Life. To many, Buddhism goes beyond religion and is more of a philosophy or 'way of life' The major tenets are … (1) to lead a moral life (2) to be mindful and aware of thoughts and actions (3) to develop wisdom and understanding

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Buddhism

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  1. Buddhism Googleimages.com

  2. A Way of Life To many, Buddhism goes beyond religion and is more of a philosophy or 'way of life' The major tenets are … (1) to lead a moral life(2) to be mindful and aware of thoughts and actions(3) to develop wisdom and understanding (“Introduction to Buddhism”)

  3. Who was the Buddha? • Born Siddhartha Gautama in 563 B.C.E. • He was of the noble caste in India • At the age of 29 he rejected the life of luxury • He sought enlightenment and the solution to suffering (“Introduction to Buddha”) Googleimages.com

  4. The Wandering Ascetic • He followed a strict ascetic lifestyle for six years • Then he realized even this was too extreme • He became Buddha, the “Awakened One”at the age of 35 • He spent the remaining 45 years of his life teaching others how to achieve the peace of mind he had achieved (“Introduction to Buddha”)

  5. The Four Noble Truths: 1- To live is to suffer 2- The cause of suffering is self-centered desire & attachments 3- The solution is to eliminate desire and attachment, thus achieving Nirvana (“extinction”) 4- The way to Nirvana is through the “Eight-Fold Path” (“Introduction to Buddhism”)

  6. What is the Eight-Fold Path? • Wisdom: • Right understanding • Right motivation Mental discipline: • Right effort • Right mindfulness • Right meditation • Moral discipline: • Right speech • Right action • Right livelihood

  7. Three Marks of Existence • Anicca (Sanskrit anitya) = impermanence • Dukkha (Sanskrit duhkha) = unsatisfactoriness • Anatta (Sanskrit anatman) = non-self (“Three Marks of Existence”)

  8. Buddhist Metaphysics • Dukkha: life in this world is filled with suffering • Anicca: everything in this world is impermanent • Anatta: the self/soul is also impermanent – there is no eternal, unchanging self (“no soul” – no atman) (“Metaphysics”)

  9. What do Buddhists believe? • Rebirth (reincarnation) results from attachments (karma) • Nirvana is a peaceful, detached state of mind • Once Gautama Buddha died, after 80 years of life in this world, having achieved Nirvana and teaching multitudes his way of life, he ceased to exist as a distinct being • Buddhism is non-theistic: Buddha is not the Buddhist God – he is just a revered teacher

  10. How are Buddhism and Hinduism Similar? Buddhists and Hindus believe … • Karma is a cycle of cause and effect • “Similar actions will lead to similar results” (Santina) • Dharma is duty • Samsara is the cycle of rebirth (“Major Differences”)

  11. How are Buddhism and Hinduism Different? Buddhism rejects… • Authority of the ancient Vedic texts • The Vedic caste system • The Vedic and Hindu deities • The efficacy of Vedic worship and ritual • The concept of Brahman (“Major Differences”)

  12. For Example … • There are no supreme dieties in Buddhism • Buddha is not an Avatar, he is a holy man • Buddha is omniscient, not omnipotent • Moksha is happiness on earth while Nirvana is an escape from it entirely (“Major Differences”)

  13. Schools of Buddhism - Theravada • Oldest school of Buddhism • Found in southern Asia (Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, etc.) • Monasticism is the ideal life for achieving Nirvana • A “do-it-yourself” approach to enlightenment • Focus on wisdom and meditation • Goal is to become a Buddha • Pāli Canon = word of Buddha (“Theravada Ideal”) Buddhanet.net

  14. Schools of Buddhism - Mahayana • Developed first century C.E. • Found in Northern Asia (China, Japan, etc.) • Buddhism “for the masses” • Group, not individual end to suffering • Believe Buddha’s can help lead to enlightenment • "Āgamas" as well as Pali Canon • Diverse schools and sects (“Bodhisattva Ideal”) Buddhanet.net

  15. Schools of Buddhism - Tibetan • Developed 7th century C.E. • A mix of Theravada & Mahayana: • Rituals (Tantra): • Mantras (chanting) • Mandalas & Thankas (symbolic images) • Mudras (hand gestures) • Bodhisattvas, including living Lamas (Dalai Lama) • Scriptures • Between the 11th and 14th centuries, the Tibetans translated every available Buddhist text into Tibetan.. • Tibetan Book of the Dead Buddhanet.net

  16. Schools of Buddhism –Zen The “meditation” school: • Seeks sudden enlightenment (satori) through meditation, arriving at emptiness (sunyata) and the “Buddha Nature” • Use of meditation masters (Roshi) • Beauty, arts & aesthetics – gardens, archery, the tea ceremony, calligraphy, etc.

  17. What are some Buddhist texts? • Tripitaka aka the “Three Baskets”: • Vinaya (“discipline”) – rules for monastic life • Sutta (“discourse”) – sermons of the Buddha • Abhidhamma (metaphysical “teachings”) • Dhammapada – collected sayings of the Buddha

  18. The Spread of Buddhism • Within two centuries after the Buddha died, Buddhism began to spread north and east into Asia • By 13th century Buddhism had disappeared from India Buddhanet.net

  19. Buddhist Populations Buddhanet.net

  20. A quick note about the Citations All of the information in this presentation comes from Buddhanet.net The citations reference the articles on the cite

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