Presentation Transcript

1. The Roaring 20’sPart 2

   1920’s Culture and Business Practices under Calvin Coolidge
2. Republican Administrations Pro-business Laissez-faire Anti-Labor Economy is weak at first but later booms A. Warren G. Harding 1920 B. Calvin Coolidge 1924 C. Herbert Hoover 1928 1. 1920’s -Republican Decade
3. 2. Calvin Coolidge- “Silent Cal” Main ideas: PRO-BUSINESS Believed in Laissez-Faire High Tariffs – leads to better American businesses (for now!)
4. 3. Coolidge believed that “the chief business of the American people is business.” Coolidge continued Mellon’s policies to reduce the national debt, trim the budget, and lower taxes. The country saw huge industrial profits and spectacular growth in the stock market. The middle and upper classes prospered, especially in cities.
5. The 1920s were a time of rapid economic growth in the United States. Much of this boom can be traced to the Automobile!
6. Before 1920, only wealthy people could afford cars. 4. By applying innovative manufacturing techniques,Henry Fordchanged that. His affordable Model Tbecame a car for the people.
7. 5. Ford made the Model T affordable by applying mass productiontechniques to making cars. A moving assembly linebrought cars to workers, who each added one part. Ford consulted scientific managementexperts to make his manufacturing process more efficient. The time to assemble a Model T dropped from -12 hours to just 90 minutes!
8. 6. Ford also raised his workers’ pay and shortened their hours. With more money and more leisure time, his employees would be potential customers. By 1927, 56% of American families owned a car.
9. Road construction boomed, and new businesses opened along the routes. Other car-related industries included steel, glass, rubber, asphalt, gasoline, and insurance. Workers could live farther away from their jobs-urban sprawl. Families used cars for leisure trips and vacations. Fewer people traveled on trolleys or trains.
10. 8. 1920-1929 “Roaring Twenties” Why ROARING???? VERY PROSPEROUS / CHANGE!!!!! People’s income rose more than 35%...more money…buy a bunch of junk! Businesses boomed! 1920’s = Superficial prosperity will “catch up” to America Superficial Prosperity causes the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and Great Depression of (1930s)
11. 9. Buying Goods on EASY Credit “Installment Plan” allows people to buy goods on “credit”, without putting a large amount of money down (superficial prosperity) Banks: low interest rates Economists: got worried! Americans didn’t listen: Remember: War is over, we won…life is good…let’s spend money!!!!
12. Consumer Economy
13. 10. Prohibition 18th Amendment Reminder: Prohibition – the manufacturing, sale, and transportation of alcohol was illegal Mainly supported by: Rural Protestants-Women People still want alcohol! SO….as a result = Speakeasies and Bootleggers, Organized Crime 18th Amendment lasted until 1933, when it was repealed by the 21st Amendment (taxed alcohol) PROHIBITION CAUSES THE CREATION OF (1) Speakeasies (2) Bootlegging (3) Gangsters
14. Speakeasies & Bootleggers 11. Speakeasies: To obtain liquor illegally, drinkers went to these secret underground bars Speak quietly…password 12. Bootleggers: liquor smugglers – got liquor from Cuba and Canada and sneaked it into the U.S. (Origins of NASCAR Racing!-fast cars to get away!)
15. 13. Prohibition leads to Rise of Organized Crime Prohibition generated a total “disrespect” for law = Organized Crime Al Capone -original scarface! Chicago gangster & bootlegger Literally killed his competition (522 people)
16. St. Valentines Day Massacre!
17. 14. Science vs. Religion(Traditional vs. Modern lifestyles) American Fundamentalism: Protestants that believed in EVERY SINGLE WORD of the Bible; denoted scientific findings of the 1920s (rejection of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution) Biggest clash between Science and Religion = The Scopes Trial
18. 15. Scopes Trial / Monkey Trial (1925) Tennessee passed a state law = if you teach evolution = CRIME! American Civil Liberties Union *ACLU* - claims they will defend teachers that teach evolution in Tenn. Story: John T. Scopes – teacher that teaches evolution in Dayton, Tenn. Scopes was caught teaching evolution and arrested
19. Clarence Darrow vs. William Jennings Bryan 16. ACLUhired Clarence Darrow to serve as the defense lawyer William Jennings Bryan (fundamentalist) served as the prosecutor –remember him? Trial: July 10, 1925 Verdict: Butler Act until 1967 / Scopes is guilty and fined $100 Most Important: The two groups that clashed over the Scopes Trial (1925) would be (1) Science (2) Religion
20. 17. THE “FLAPPER”-The Twenties Woman an emancipated woman in the 1920s that embraced the new fashions of the 1920s / * a challenge to traditional roles/values of women-short hair, knee high dresses, outspoken urban women
21. If it is too much above the knees you can’t go on the beach!
22. THE CHARLESTON
23. Josephine Baker American-born French dancer, singer and actress. Began her career in the US but was to risqué and kicked out/left for Paris where she could dance like she wanted too. Famous for her “Banana Dance” The History of Twerking???
24. Hero of the1920’s 18. Charles Lindbergh Small-town pilot who made the first nonstop flight over the Atlantic Ocean (from New York to Paris) Paid $25,000 Plane: Spirit of the St. Louis
25. Celebrities Babe Ruth &Ty Cobb Charles Lindbergh The Spirit of St. Louis Jack Dempsey
26. 19. Entertainment and the Arts The Jazz Singer – 1st movie with “sound” (ended the silent film era) – “TALKIES” Steamboat Willie – 1st animated film with “sound” Georgia O’Keefe – painted landscapes of New York
27. Culture of the Roaring 20’s Radio KDKA Pittsburgh GE, Westinghouse,& RCA form NBC Silent Movies Charlie Chaplin “Talkies” The Jazz Singer Starring Al Jolson Gloria Swanson Mary Pickford “America’s Sweetheart”
28. 20. World War I strongly affected the art and literature of the 1920s. The war’s devastation left many questioning the optimistic Victorian attitude of progress. Modernism expressed a skeptical, pessimistic view of the world. Writers and artists explored the ideas of psychologist Sigmund Freud, who suggested that human behavior was driven by unconscious desires.
29. 21. Writers of the 1920s *These writers are important because they are writing about what is going on in America at the “TIME THEY ARE WRITING” Sinclair Lewis: 1st American to win the Nobel Prize Famous Novel: Babbit– ridiculed Americans for their conformity! F. Scott Fitzgerald: coined the phrase “JAZZ AGE” to describe the 1920s Famous Novel: The Great Gatsby – revealed the negative side of the 1920s period of freedom
30. Writers of the 1920s 22. Ernest Hemingway Novel: A Sun Also Rises - criticized the glorification of war The Old Man and the Sea Introduced the term “Lost Generation” – defines a sense of moral loss or aimlessness apparent in literary figures during the 1920s. Fight…return….lost
31. T.Q. The passage of the 18th Amendment was a victory for which group? Rural Protestants Catholic immigrants Urban residents Career criminals