Chapter 16:

1. Chapter 16: The First Global Age: Europe, the Americas, and Africa (1492-1750)

2. Conquest in America First Encounters - Christopher Columbus Europeans brought diseases - small pox, measles, influenza to which Native Americans had no immunity to Spanish explorers came to Americas in search of gold Conquistadors - Spanish conquerors Hernan Cortes - landed in Mexico, attacked and conquered the Aztec's Francisco Pizarro - landed in Peru, attacked the Inca's and conquered them.

3. Conquest in America Reasons for European success Superior military technology Division and discontent among the Indians Disease brought by the Europeans Many Indians thought it was the end of the world

4. Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in America Spain Viceroys ruled for the king Catholic conversion to Christianity was important Sugar cane became a profitable resource Sugar cane grown on plantations

5. Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in America Portugal Created colony in Brazil Line of Demarcation established by the Pope made this Portuguese land. Plantation agriculture and cattle raising were important in Brazil

6. Struggle for North America Struggle between French and English French relied on hunting and trapping of forest animals French were taught how to trap by Native Americans English - 13 colonies on Atlantic coast Mayflower Compact – Agreement by colonists on how to govern their colony

7. Struggle for North America British and French were bitter rivals for power around the globe French and Indian War - French and Indians v. British (Ended in 1763) Treaty of Paris (1763) - ended the French and Indian war and ensured British domination in N. America Treaty of Paris resulted in British control of eastern North America

8. Turbulent Centuries in Africa By 1500's the most important element of African trade with Europeans was enslaved Africans Atlantic Slave Trade - African slaves traded to Europeans for textiles, metal works, rum, tobacco, weapons, and gunpowder Triangular trade - 1. Merchant ships traded goods for slaves. 2. Middle passage - slaves sent to West Indies to work on plantations in exchange for sugar, molasses, and rope. 3. Products sent to Europe or European colonies in America

9. Turbulent Centuries in Africa Impact of Slave trade Estimated 11 million Africans enslaved Estimated 2 million died during middle passage