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Phylum Cnidaria

Phylum Cnidaria. Phylum Cnidaria. Examples: Sea anemones Corals Sea Pen Sea Fan Sea Plume Hydra Jelly fish Portuguese Man o’ War Box Jelly Fish. General Characteristics. Cnidaria : nettle like Simple animals Most are sessile but some can move around (jellyfish)

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Phylum Cnidaria

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  1. Phylum Cnidaria

  2. Phylum Cnidaria Examples: • Sea anemones • Corals • Sea Pen • Sea Fan • Sea Plume • Hydra • Jelly fish • Portuguese Man o’ War • Box Jelly Fish

  3. General Characteristics • Cnidaria: nettle like • Simple animals • Most are sessile but some can move around (jellyfish) • More than 9000 species

  4. Habitat • Found in warm tropical regions in shallow saltwater habitats • Some are found deeper or in open water • Some live in colonies • Attach to rocks, shells or other animals

  5. Ecological Relationship • Neurotoxins in medical research • Rarely a food source for other animals • Build coral reefs • Habitat for many other species • Used for jewelry

  6. Ecological Relationship • Symbiotic relationships: • Algae frequently live in a mutualistic relationship in the tissues of cnidarians • Mutalism: when both species benefit from a relationship with each other • Fish living within tentacles of a • Sea anemone & clown fish

  7. Man of War

  8. Form and Function • Polyp– a hydroid form which is adapted to a sessile life • Coral, hydra, anemone • Medusa– a jellyfish form which is adapted for a floating • Jellyfish, man of war

  9. Polyps • Hydra, Anemones • Most have tubular bodies (radial symmetry) • A mouth surrounded by tentaclesleads into a gastrovascularcavity • BasalDisk: Bottom end of the polyp that is attached to a rock/coral

  10. Medusae • Medusae – (jellyfish) • Free swimming • Bell-shaped bodies • Tetrameroussymmetry: can be divided into 4 identical parts • Mouth on the underside • Tentacles

  11. Body Wall • Three layers of the body wall: • Outer epidermis: contains sensory cells, nerve cells and sometimes gonads • Inner gastrodermis: contains cilia and muscle cells for movement and food circulation • Mesoglea:in the middle, jelly-like with few or no cells

  12. Cnidocytes • Cnidocytes: • Found throughout the epidermis layer • Most abundant in tentacles • Contains cnida: tiny capsule that contains a coiled “thread” • Used for prey capture and defense from predators • May contain nematocyst: tiny barbs that deliver the toxin • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Tp38DUjUnM

  13. Cnidocytes Most are not harmful to humans, however Portuguese man-of-war and certain jellyfish are quite painful and sometimes dangerous

  14. Locomotion • Polypscan move about by gliding on their basal disc, aided by mucus secretions • They can also use the “inch worm” method • Medusaecan move freely and swim by contracting the bell, expelling water from it • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Szt42nG-hGg

  15. Reproduction Polyps • 1. Budding: a knob of tissue forms on the side of the polyp and develops a functional mouth and tentacles then detaches • Detached buds are CLONES of the original polyp • Undetached buds form a colony where food is shared

  16. Reproduction • 2. Fission • one-half of a polyp pulls away from the other half • Creates 2 identical animals • 3. Pedal Laceration • tissue is torn from the basal disc and develops into new, tiny polyps

  17. Reproduction Medusae • Some monoecious (both sexes) and some dioecious (separate sexes) • Sexual reproduction: release sperm & eggs • A zygote develops into a free-swimming larva • Fertilization occurs in open water • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zSZtZDwabo

  18. Feeding and Digestion • The mouth opens into the gastrovascular cavity • Enzymes are released to digest food • Intercellular digestion: cells engulf food and digest it • http://youtu.be/4ykESFPhBVo

  19. Phylum Cnidaria • Four classes of Cnidaria: • Hydrozoa – • hydroids, fire corals, Portuguese man-of-war, and others • Scyphozoa • “true” jellyfishes • Cubozoa • cube jellyfishes • Anthozoa • sea anemones, stony corals, and others

  20. Class Hydrozoa • Most live in salt water and are found in colonies • Asexual and sexual reproduction • Examples: • Portugese man of war • Freshwater Hydra • Moon Jellyfish • Freshwater jellyfish

  21. Portuguese man-of-war https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPbQs4Zc85k

  22. Portuguese man-of-war attack

  23. Class Scyphozoa: true jellyfish • Includes most of the larger jellyfish • Bell sizes range from 2 cm to 2 meters in diameter • Tentacles can reach 70 meters long • Range in color from colorless to bright orange and pink • Sexual reproduction • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJUuotjE3u8

  24. Giant Jellyfish

  25. Northern Sea Nettle

  26. Class Cubozoa: Box Jellyfish • Bells are almost square • A tentacle or group of tentacles if found at each corner of the square • Strong swimmers and fierce predators, feeding mostly on fish • Sexual reproduction

  27. Irukandji jellyfish

  28. Sea Wasp

  29. Box Jellyfish

  30. Box Jelly Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIf0kRpkQ_0

  31. Sting of a Sea Wasp • The venom has cardiotoxic, neurotoxic and highly dermatonecrotic components

  32. Class Anthozoa: Flower Animals • No medusa stage • Solitary or colonial • Sexual and asexual reproduction • There are three subclasses • Sea anemones, hard corals, and others • Tube anemones, thorny corals • Sea fans, sea pens, sea pansies

  33. Sea anemone

  34. Coral reef

  35. A Closer Look at Coral https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aX61LzmeYA

  36. Tube anemone

  37. Sea fans

  38. Sea pens

  39. Sea Pansies

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