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Greening of Mobile Networks : Myths and Opportunities

Jean-Yves Le Boudec EPFL May 31 st – June 1, 2010. Greening of Mobile Networks : Myths and Opportunities. Contents. Greening Cellular Networks Dream and Reality What next. Mobile Operator Energy Consumption Facts. EuropeanWireless2010.

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Greening of Mobile Networks : Myths and Opportunities

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  1. Jean-Yves Le Boudec EPFL May 31st – June 1, 2010 Greening of Mobile Networks :Myths and Opportunities 1

  2. Contents • Greening Cellular Networks • Dream and Reality • Whatnext 2

  3. Mobile OperatorEnergyConsumptionFacts EuropeanWireless2010 3

  4. Radio Network Is A Major Electricity Consumer 4

  5. TrafficProportionalEnergyConsumption • Today’sequipment power consumptionislargelytrafficinsensitive • Power amplifiers, non idling processors • Tomorrow’sequipmentwillbemuch more energyproportional • In the rest of this section I focus on operation and design 5

  6. Save Energy by Shutting Down Base Stations • Savings up to 25-30% canbeachieved • Network sharing allowsshutting down entire network at off peakperiods GreenComm‘09 GreenMetrics‘09 6

  7. Save Energy by Optimal Network Design • Design and route according to energyconsumption (opticalswitching vs IP routing) • Femto cells to reduceenergyconsumption of down and up link GreenComm‘09 GreenComm‘09 7

  8. Femto Cells: • Assume 20 % swisshouseholdsequippedwith 3G femtocell, 15W • Increases power consumption of households by 0.5 % • Compare to existing mobile phone network power consumption (RF + BB) : + 50 % 8

  9. Online Dynamical Allocation • Idea: • Predictaggregatetraffic • Decideresource allocation everysay 2-5 mn • Optimize network predictedcostsubject to quality of service • Efficient for data traffic EuropeanWireless2010 9

  10. ExperimentalResults 10

  11. Optimal Allocation of Users to Cell by BinaryIntegerProgrammingHeuristic 11

  12. Traffic Model 12

  13. Example of Result 13

  14. Impact on Network Performance 14

  15. EnergySavings up to 40% 15

  16. NextSteps:Dynamical Allocation of Resources • Planning / design • Exploit heterogeneous power performance tradeoffs(micro-sites, opticalfiber vs embeddedelectronics) • Online operation Trafficmeasurement Short termforecast Online Optimization 16

  17. Online OptimizationwithMean Field • Most practical cases produce NP hard problems • A natural alternative is Markov DecisionProcesses • Similarcomplexity issues • Mean Field Approximation of MDPsis a promising direction • Transformsdiscrete state space in continuous one • Thresholdbasedpoliciescanbecomputed INRIA RR 7239; April 2010 17

  18. Take Home Message • Greening mobile networks savessignificantamounts of energy • Is possible by smart design and allocation of resources 18

  19. Contents • Greening Cellular Networks • Dream and Reality • Whatnext 19

  20. I Had A Dream … • 2000 W society = energyexpenditure per capita as itwas in 1960 in Western Europe (in CH; = 63.1 GJ per year per capita) • Today: 5000 – 6000 W  • Realistic Goal for 2050: 3500 W[The 2000 Watt Society –Standard or Guidepost? Energiespiegel Nr 18, April 2007, PSI, Switzerland] 20

  21. Mobile Networks cancontribute, too… [Key Challenges for Green Networking by Ulrich Barth, Patty Wong, Didier Bourse ERCIM News, Vol 79, Oct 2009] [Fabio Neri et al., working document, May 2010] 21

  22. Intelligent Management of EnergyConsumption and Production • Managing End-User Preferences in the Smart Grid, C. Wang and M. d. Groot, E-energy 2010, Passau, Germany, 2010 • www.voltalis.com 22

  23. One Day in the Life of Robert Longirod • We are in May 2050, in the 3500W society • Robert Longirodistelecomengineerat the swissbranch of Huawei Technologies 23

  24. A fatal exception 8E has occurredat 0028:C881E33670F in UXD DXC 32 883FA2332EBD. The current application willbeterminated. . Robert wakes up at 6:45 Walks to the bathroom to take a shower No hot water ! Home automation controllerhungyesterday night. Hot water was not replenishedovernight.

  25. Robert is a philosoph and takes a cold shower. Nowis time for a good, hot, espresso. Robert imagines the smell of the first coffee of the day and smiles … …but no coffee !

  26. Robert re-programmedhis end user preferences in the smart gridyesterday night and made a mistake ! Fortunately, the fridgeworks and thereissome orange juiceleft.

  27. Robert nowwalks to hislounge and prepares to work. Today, Robert istelecommuting – thissaves time and energy. Strange, the loungeisdark – shutters are blockedclosed … the home automation controller, of course !

  28. Not a seriousproblemanyhow; the shutterscanbeopenedmanually. Robert sitsathis table and opens his desktop …

  29. The femtocell has burnt, no internet access …

  30. Robert is a bit worried. There is an important meeting at 10:00 scheduledwithtwoco-workers. « If I am not atthat meeting, itis George whowillget the work. I must bethere » Robert decides to do somethingexceptional: drive to work !

  31. In the garage … The e-car is not charged. The batteries wereused to power the grid. Normal, Robert did not plan to go anywheretoday…

  32. Robert cycles to work Whilepedalling back home in the evening, hehopesthat the washing machine didits job…

  33. Smart energy management issues • man machine interactions • Difficult • Apple • reliable hardware and software • canwemake Airbus grade equipmentatlowcost ? 33

  34. Savingenergy in radio access network is a must Savings by putting access points to sleepcouldsave 7.5% electricityconsumptionof mobile operatorsworldwide[Marsan2010] But global impact ismodest 0.01% to 0.03% of total electricityconsumption[Dufkova2010] 0.001% to 0.004 % of primaryenergy sources Impact of SavingEnergy in Radio Network e-Energy 2010, Passau

  35. The Myth of e-cars Q: A: x 2≥ 6 new nuclear plants+ cover the country withwindmills + put solarcells on all roofs Source: Prof. Hubert Kirrmann, ABB / EPFL • Replace all cars and trucks of Switzerland by electricalvehicles. Whatis the impact on the power grid? excludingair transport 35

  36. Take-Home Message • Transportation and domestic usages are major energyconsumers and have a major problem • Energy management ismuch harder thanoftenenvisioned 36

  37. Contents • Greening Cellular Networks • Dream and Reality • Whatnext 37

  38. Roadmap for Green Telecom • Weneed to continue making the telecom infrastructure • Sober • Energyproportional • However, the telecom infrastructure can help reduceenergyconsumptiondramatically • Home, office and workshop automation • Transportation • Availability and reliability of the telecomgridis vital 38

  39. The 2000 W society willneed telecom infrastructure thatis • Lowcost • Pervasive • Easy to use (and program to) • Reliable 39

  40. Cost of deploying and maintainingpervasive, 4G

  41. Radio Access Network “traditional RAN will become far too expensive for mobile operators to keep competitive in the future mobile internet world. Therefore, the RAN should be re-architected to adapt to the new environment” China Mobile Research Institute White Paper 1.0.0 March 2010 41

  42. 42

  43. Base Stations becomeCommodity 43

  44. 44

  45. ReduceCost of Radio Access Networkby Separating RF fromProcessing • Simple Radio access network • Processing (inc. PHY) and datain a smallnumber of processing / data centers[China Mobile Research Institute White Paper 1.0.0 March 2010] • Low CAPEX + OPEXlowenergy data center techniques 45

  46. Radio Access Network Sharing • In countries withcompetingtelecoms, deployment of multiple 4G nets mightbe a problem • Range • E-smog • Real estate • Energyefficiency • Radio access network sharing is an option 46

  47. Radio Access Network Operator (RANO) Operator 1 Operator 2 Operator 3 Radio Access Network Operator 47

  48. Radio Access Network Operator (RANO) Benefits Issues Nature of operator (local community, privatecompany, monopoly ? ) Competition versus social optimum • Reducedenergyconsumption of radio network • Reducedcosts of telecom services vital for energysaving 48

  49. Complexity of (secure) software

  50. Cloud Computing • Make software and system simple Query, control ContentCentricOperator report 50

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