Introduction

1. Introduction Grape is an important fruit in India, which have a high export potential. Grapes are mostly used for table purpose, wine and raisin making. Grape vine is attacked by various insect pests like Leafhopper, Thrips, Leaf-roller, Flea beetle etc.

2. Grapevine Leaf hopper Adult of Leaf Hopper Nature of Damage: Adults and nymphs of leaf hoppers suck cell-sap from lower surface of leaves. Affected foliage shows tiny white spots. Grape leaves turn yellow-brown and fall. Photosynthesis activity is affected, reducing quality of nursery seedlings. Control: Spray 2.5 ml Fenitrothion 50 EC in 10 liters of water after monsoon. Nymphs of Leaf Hopper

3. Thrips: Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus Damage by Thrips Host Plants: Grape, Rose, Jamun Nature of Damage: Affected leaves turns white, withered and then turn brown. Leaves subsequently curl up and drop off. Seedlings show poor vegetative growth. Control: Remove infested leaves from plant. Spray 5 ml Malathion 50 EC in10 liters water. Adult Thrips

4. Grapevine Leaf-roller: Syllepte luneiis Adult of Grape Leaf Roller Nature of Damage: Young, green caterpillars (1-3 instars) feed on lower epidermis of leaves, reducing them to leaf skeletons. Mature larvae (4th 5th instars) roll up the leaf margins towards mid-rib and pupate in the leaf roll. Control: Remove the leaf rolls and destroy them. Spray 5 ml Malathion 50 EC in 10 liters water. Infestation by Grape Leaf Roller

5. Flea beetle: Sclelodonta strigicollis Nature of Damage: Grub feeds on cortical portion of roots. Adults are more destructive as they feed voraciously on new buds turning them into 'dried sprout'. Later it causes longitudinal slits on the lamina of the leaves. Control: At early bud sprout spray 0.05% Quinalphos by mixing in water Damage by Flea Beetle Male Adult of Flea Beetle Female Adult of Flea Beetle

6. White Grub White grub or root grub is the immature stage of Scarab beetles popularly known as cock chafers, leaf chafer, chafer beetle, May beetle or June beetle. Host Plants White Grub is a polyphagus pest and feed on almost all kharif season crops. It is widely seen in groundnut crop and chilies of sandy loam soil. White Grub are mainly observed during rainy season in nursery. Larva of White Grub

7. White Grub Nature of Damage The white grub and adult feeds on the living roots and later adults feeds on shrubs and the trees like neem, khejri etc. growing near the nursery fields. The young grubs after hatching in the soil headed towards the roots and start feeding on them. Consequent to feeding, the plants show varying degree of yellowing, some get wilted and ultimately die. Such affected plants easily collapse. Adult of White Grub

8. White Grub Control: Collect and destruct beetles in kerosene mixed water and using light traps / pheromone traps during night hours. Spray 0.0 % Carbaryl on the host plants. Deep ploughing of field is a good practice. Pre-sowing soil treatment with Phorate 10G or Quinalphos 5G or Carbofuran 3G @ 300 gm / gunta. Application of Quinalphos or Chlorpyriphos at 400 ml / gunta with irrigation water. Bio-control: Pathogenic nematode infecting white grub.

9. Termite or White Ants Types Termite Host Plants Polyphagus pest of all nursery plants. Nature of Damage In loamy and light soils in dry areas where proper facilities for irrigation are not available, the termite infestation is more serious. The infestation of termite is more in rabbi season. Termites feed on cellulose in the roots of seedling. As a result of infestation, the leaves get dry and seedling can easily be pulled out. In later stage the whole seedling withers.

10. Termite or White Ants Termite Worker Control Use of well decomposed organic manure. Remove dead and decaying organic matter or dry stubbles from field to avoid termite infestation. Irrigation protects the plants from termites. Treat soil with Quinalphos 1.5 % or methyl parathion 2 % dust @ 0.25 kg / gunta before planting . Apply Chlorpyriphos 20EC @ 400 ml / gunta with irrigation water.