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  1. Suppl. Fig. 4. Radiation-induced bystander response. Ionizing irradiation of cancer cells (neuroblastoma, glioblastoma) resulted in DNA damage, ROS production, modulation of the mitochondrial functions, activation NF-kB, Stat3, MAPK signaling pathways and induction or upregulation of gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including TRAIL, and COX-2 driven expression of PGE2. Using autocrine and paracrine stimulation, signaling factors induced numerous signaling pathways in both directly irradiated and non-targeted cells, for example, in Neural Stem Cells. This finally restricted NSC proliferation and induced TRAIL-DR5 mediated death. TNFa- and ROS-mediated necrosis represented alternative variants of NSC death.

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