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The Greeks

The Greeks. Sculpture & the Arts. Greek Proportion. Essential in representations of the body and in architecture Roman Vitruvius recorded Greek aesthetic principles

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The Greeks

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  1. The Greeks Sculpture & the Arts

  2. Greek Proportion • Essential in representations of the body and in architecture • Roman Vitruvius recorded Greek aesthetic principles • Vitruvius: Proportion= “a correspondence among the measures of the members of an entire work, and of the whole to a certain part selected as standard” (109).

  3. Leonardo’s Vitruvian Man, c. 1487

  4. Greek Vases: Geometric Period • c.1200-700 BCE • “complex geometric patterns organized according to the shape of the vessel” (109) • Example: Krater, c. 750 BCE

  5. c. 690 BCE

  6. Greek Vases: Archaic Period • c.700-480 BCE • Black or brown figures painted in the central area of the vase—background is red color of clay • Scenes from everyday life, literature, mythology • Example: Achilles and Ajax Playing Dice, c. 530 BCE

  7. Greek Vases: Classical Period • c. 480-323 BCE • Figures are represented by the red clay color; the background is painted black: this is the “negative” of the Archaic style • More life-like, more detail, and more natural poses than the Archaic • Combined real and ideal

  8. Orpheus Singing to Thracians, c. 440 BCE

  9. Women Spinning, 470 BCE

  10. Warrior, 470 BCE

  11. Nike with Cithara460 BCE

  12. Clytamnestra Murdering Cassandrawith Axe, 430 BCE

  13. Greek Sculpture: Archaic Period • c.700-480 BCE • Freestanding male nude, for “cult statues, funerary monuments, memorials” (111) • Kouros (male youth) from 600 BCE • Rigid, block-like • Body weight distributed equally on both feet

  14. Archaic Period • Calf-Bearer, c.575-550 BCE • More realistic (muscles, and semi-precious stones for eyes) • smiling

  15. Archaic Period • Kroisos, c. 525 BCE • Body weight distributed equally on both feet • Forearms turned inward • Smiling even more

  16. Greek Sculpture: Classical Period • Kritios Boy, c. 480 BCE • Turning torso • Greater weight on left leg: contrapposto • Solemn expression, not smiling

  17. Myron, Discobolus, 450 BCE

  18. Myron, Discobolus, 450 BCE • Captures “the decisive moment just before the action” (113) • The viewer can imagine from this moment what came before and what will follow

  19. Classical Period • Polycleitus, Doryphorus (Spear-Bearer), c.450-440 BCE • Striding forward, weight on right leg • Once held a spear in left hand • Motion and repose combined

  20. The Parthenon • 448-432 BCE • Ictinus and Kallicrates, architects • Phidias, artist • Human scale: structured on proportions of the human body • Intended to be walked around and looked at • For the living, not the dead

  21. Parthenon Frieze (outer wall of cella) • Also known as Elgin Marbles • Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, was the British official in Ottoman Athens; he ordered the frieze removed from the Parthenon • Moved to Britain in 1801-05 • Today these sculptures are in British Museum

  22. Lord Byron Dull is the eye that will not weep to see Thy walls defaced, thy mouldering shrines removed By British hands, which it had best behoved To guard those relics ne’er to be restored. —"Childe Harold's Pilgrimmage"

  23. John Keats,“On Seeing the Elgin Marblesfor the First Time,” 1817 My spirit is too weak; mortalityWeighs heavily on me like unwilling sleep,And each imagined pinnacle and steepOf godlike hardship tells me I must dieLike a sick eagle looking at the sky.

  24. Yet 'tis a gentle luxury to weep,That I have not the cloudy winds to keepFresh for the opening of the morning's eye.Such dim-conceived glories of the brainBring round the heart an indescribable feud;

  25. So do these wonders a most dizzy pain,That mingles Grecian grandeur with the rudeWasting of old Time -with a billowy main,A sun, a shadow of a magnitude.

  26. Centaur vs. Lapith

  27. Lapith Overcomes Centaur

  28. Alexander the Great (356-323 BCE) • Son of Philip of Mecedonia, who defeated the Greeks in 338 BCE and was assassinated two years later • His conquests created an empire stretching from Greece and Egypt to India • He spread Greek language and culture into Asia

  29. Hellenistic Age, 323-30 BCE • Alexander, at age 32, died of illness while trying to conquer India • Hellenistic Age begins with his death • Empire split into three sections: Egypt, Persia, and Macedonia-Greece

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