莎劇賞析之三：《馴悍記》 The Taming of the Shrew

莎劇賞析之三：《馴悍記》The Taming of the Shrew 董崇選中山醫大應用外語系教授「懂更懂學習英文網站」負責人網址：http://dgdel.nchu.edu.tw

I. Plot: • Type: Farce (滑稽劇、笑鬧劇)， Low Comedy (低級喜劇) • Time: 16th Century • Locale: Padua, Italy 意大利的趴度阿 • First presented: 1593

II. Principal Characters: • Baptista: a wealthy Paduan • Katharina (凱瑟瑞娜): his shrewish elder daughter • Bianca: her pretty gentle younger sister • Petruchio(裴楚丘): a man to tame the shrew • Lucentio: son of a Pisan merchant • Hortensio: Petruchio’s friend • Gremio: an aging Paduan • Vincentio: Lucentio’s father • Tranio: Lucentio’s servant • Christopher Sly: a drunken beggar

III. The Story: • 序幕 (Induction):Sly is drunk. He staggers out of an alehouse, pursued by the hostess. He then falls asleep on the road and is found by a nobleman and his hunting party. The nobleman determines to have some sport at his expense. He is transported to the nobleman’s house, convinced that he is a great person, treated like a lord, and made to watch a comedy.

III. The Story: • 第一幕: Lucentio and Tranio come to Padua to study virtue and enjoy life. They eavesdrop Hortensio and Gremio trying to woo Bianca. Baptista told the suitors that his elder daughter Katharina must be married first. Lucentio is smitten with Bianca’s sweetness and modesty. Hortensio decides that they must find a husband for the shrew first. He tells Petruchio about Katharina and her large dowry. Petruchio decides to woo her. Hortensio, disguised as a music teacher, comes along to woo Bianca. Meanwhile, two other suitors (Lucentio disguised as a schoolmaster and Tranio disguised as Lucentio) also come to woo Bianca.

III. The Story: • 第二幕: Petruchio, Lucentio, Gremio, Hortensio, and Tranio all have come to Baptista’s house. Hortensio is called Licio, and Lucentio is called Cambio. Though not very successful in courting Katharina, Petruchio vows that he has won her hand, and so he leaves to prepare for the wedding. Gremio and Tranio bid for Bianca’s hand, and since Tranio/Lucentio can promise a richer dowry Baptista promises him Bianca’s hand. But he has to bring assurance of the dowry from his father Vincentio first.

III. The Story: • 第三幕:The rivals Cambio/Lucentio and Licio/Hortensio “instruct” Bianca. Lucentio reveals his true identity to the girl under cover of teaching her Latin. Hortensio also tries to reveal himself by explaining the gamut, and declares that he will give her up if she stoops to love so lowly a man as a schoolmaster. On Katharina’s wedding day, Petruchio is slow in arriving. He even appears absurdly dressed with antic manners. After the ceremony, he carries the bride away at once without staying for the wedding dinner, disregarding her begging and storming.

III. The Story: • 第四幕: Grumio describes how the bride and groom are arriving. Katharina’s horse fell on her in the mud, and Petruchio used the accident as a pretext to assault Grumio and made Katharina ever more muddied. He continues his role of unreasonable brute, finding fault with everything the servants do. He spurns the food prepared as unfit to eat and decrees that they go supperless to bed. He in fact plans to tame his wife in the same manner as falcons are trained: by starvation and lack of sleep. He even wants Katharina to wear poor clothing. Meanwhile, Hortensio decides to marry a wealthy widow, a traveling scholar is duped into acting as Vincentio, and Lucentio is told to marry Bianca soon.

III. The Story: • 第五幕: En route to Baptista’s house, Petruchio completes his conquest of Katharina by bullying her into agreeing that the sun is the moon and the elderly Vincentio is a fair young girl. The spectacle of Katharina’s submission convinces Hortensio that he can control his widow. The real Vincentio comes in time to bless his son. The three new couples (Petruchio & Katharina, Lucentio & Bianco, and Hortensio & the widow) banquet together. Petruchio wins the wager that Kate is the most obedient of the three women. Kate even expresses her new philosophy that women owe it to their husbands to behave like the softer sex.

IV. Famous Lines: • “Persuade him that he hath been lunatic, And when he says he is, say that he dreams, For he is nothing but a mighty lord.” --Lord to hunters • “Never ask me what raiment I’ll wear, for I have no more doublets than backs, no more stockings than legs, nor no more shoes than feet—nay, sometime more feet than shoes, or such shoes as my toes look through the overleather.” --Sly to servants

IV. Famous Lines: • “No profit grows where is no pleasure taken. In brief, sir, study what you most affect.” --Tranio to Lucentio • “Her only fault, and that is faults enough, Is that she is intolerable curst, 可憎的 And shrewd, and froward, so beyond all measure 頑固 That, were my state far worse than it is, I would not wed her for a mine of gold.” --Hortensio to Petruchio

IV. Famous Lines: • “When did she cross thee with a bitter word?” --Baptista • “Her silence flouts me, and I’ll be revenged.” --Katharina • “She is your treasure, she must have a husband, I must dance barefoot on her wedding day, And, for your love to her, lead apes in hell.” –Kate to Baptista • “I am as peremptory as she proud-minded; And where two raging fires meet together, They do consume the thing that feeds their fury. Though little fire grows great with little wind, Yet extreme gusts will blow out fire and all.” --Petruchio to Baptista

IV. Famous Lines: • “Say that she rail, why then I’ll tell her plain She sings as sweetly as a nightingale. Say that she frown, I’ll say she looks as clear As morning roses newly washed with dew. Say she be mute and will not speak a word, Then I’ll commend her volubility, And say she utters piercing eloquence.” --Petruchio to Baptista

IV. Famous Lines: • “... you are called plain Kate, And bonny Kate, and sometimes Kate the curst; But Kate, the prettiest Kate in Christendom, Kate of Kate Hall, my super-dainty Kate, For dainties are all Kates, and therefore, Kate, Take this of me, Kate of my consolation.” --Petruchio to Katharina • “Asses are made to bear, and so are you.” --Kate • “Women are made to bear, and so are you.” --Petruchio

IV. Famous Lines: • “My falcon now is sharp and passing empty, And till she stoop she must not be full-gorged, For then she never looks upon her lure.” --Petruchio to himself • “She shall watch all night, And if she chance to nod I’ll rail and brawl, And with the clamor keep her still awake. This is a way to kill a wife with kindness, And thus I’ll curb her mad and headstrong humor.” --Petruchio to himself

IV. Famous Lines: • “It shall be what o’clock I say it is.” --Petruchio to Kate • “Why, so this gallant will command the sun.” --Hortensio • “Fie, fie! Unknit that threatening unkind brow, And dart not scornful glances from those eyes, To wound thy lord, thy king, thy governor. It blots thy beauty as frosts do bite the meads, Confounds thy fame as whirlwinds shake fair buds, And in no sense is meet or amiable.” --Kate to all

IV. Famous Lines: • “A woman moved is like a fountain troubled, Muddy, ill-seeming, thick, bereft of beauty, And while it is so, none so dry or thirsty Will deign to sip or touch one drop of it.” --Kate to all • “Such duty as the subject owes the prince Even such a woman owes to her husband.” • --Kate to all • “I am ashamed that women are so simple To offer war where they should kneel for peace.” --Kate to all

V. Discussion: • What farcical situations have you found in the play? • What is the function of the “Induction”? • Does the play suggest that even the impossible can be made possible ? • If you are a feminist, what will you think of the play? • Will Petruchio’s way be always the right way to tame a shrew?

莎劇賞析之三：《馴悍記》 The Taming of the Shrew