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NYU/NYC STUDY

NYU/NYC STUDY. 10 IOPs FIVE DAYS EACH (DAY AND NIGHT) ALL SEASONS 80 SFC WIND SITES  HOURLY FLOW CHARTS PIBALS: 1- 4 THEODOLITES FOLLOWING 1OR 2 BALLOONS 15 SEC OBS  37.5 m z-RESOLUTION HELICOPTER SOUNDINGS (ABOUT 1000) T, Q, & SO2 NOAA TETROONS : ABOUT 200 EMISSIONS 1 KM X 1 KM

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NYU/NYC STUDY

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  1. NYU/NYC STUDY • 10 IOPs • FIVE DAYS EACH (DAY AND NIGHT) • ALL SEASONS • 80 SFC WIND SITES HOURLY FLOW CHARTS • PIBALS: • 1- 4 THEODOLITES FOLLOWING 1OR 2 BALLOONS • 15 SEC OBS  37.5 m z-RESOLUTION • HELICOPTER SOUNDINGS (ABOUT 1000) • T, Q, & SO2 • NOAA TETROONS: ABOUT 200 • EMISSIONS • 1 KM X 1 KM • SO2, HEAT, & MOISTURE

  2. Sea-breeze frontal (S to N) passage over NYC: 9 March 1966 a. hourly positions (left) b. 1800 EST (right): note urban-induced retardation area

  3. NYC daytime sea-breeze sfc div-field during sea breeze frontal (SBF) passage Note: (a) conv area strongest at front (b) div areas over Ocean and Long Island Sound (LIS) LIS D = ∂u/∂x + ∂v/∂y SBF Ocean

  4. URBAN TURBULENCE DURING A • NYC SEA BREEZE FRONTAL PASSAGE: • VALUES HIGH ALONG FRONT (LEFT) • AIR STABLE BEHIND FRONT (RIGHT) R (deg)

  5. Tetroons in sea-breeze flows produce interesting (x, y) and (x, z) trajectories that returns balloon (left) and raises it (right)

  6. SEA-BREEZE (SB) EFFECTS ON χ • AM syn-V pushes χ offhore (right) • PM sea breeze flow pushes it onshore • & concentrates it in narrow conv • zone (lower L) • The SB thus raises χ at coastal JFK & • lowers it at inland LGA (lower R)

  7. KEY IDEA: IDEAL MESO-MET ATM-MODEL CAPTURES ALL BC FORCINGS IN CORRECT ORDER • O3 EPISODES OCCUR ON A GIVEN DAY: • NOT B/C TOPO, EMISSIONS, OR SFC MESO-FORCING (EXCEPT FOR FOG) CHANGES • BUT DUE TO CHANGES IN UPPER-LEVEL SYNOPTIC WX PATTERNS, WHICH • COME FROM AN EXTERNAL MODEL & WHICH • ALTER MESO SFC-FORCINGS (i.e., TOPO, LAND/SEA, URBAN) VIA MESO-TEMP AND THUS WIND • MUST THUS EVALUATE ABOVE FACTORS: • UPPER LEVEL SYN WX Patterns: pressure & then winds • TOPOGRAPHY (via grid spacing): channeling of wind • MESO SFC: temperature & then winds

  8. NYC Sea breeze: obs (upper) TVM/URMET (lower)

  9. NYC OBS REFERENCES • Bornstein, 1968: J. Appl. Met.., 7., 575-82. • Born. & Johnson, 1977: At. Env., 11, 597-04 • Loose & Born., 1977: MWR, 105, 567-71. • Born. & Thompson, 1981: JAM, 20, 843-58 • Born., 1987: Modeling the Urban BL, AMS, 53‑93. • Gaffen & Born., 1988: Met. & Atmos. Phys, 38, 185‑94

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