The Colonies Grow Chapter 7, Section 2

1. 4-2 Cornell Notes, Part 2 The Colonies GrowChapter 7, Section 2 Main Idea: As Stephen F. Austin and other empresarios encouraged settlement in Texas, many groups made important contributions.

2. How did the Constitution of 1824affect Texas? • In 1823 the Federalists overthrew the Centralist government, and Mexico became a republic, giving the states a voice in government. • The Federalists wrote a Constitution in 1824 which combined Texas with Coahuila into one Mexican state – Coahuila y Tejas. Mexican State of Coahuila y Tejas

3. How did the Mexican Colonization Laws of 1824 regulate land settlements? • Limited the amount of land anyone could receive • Permitted only permanent residents to acquire land • States now granted empresario land contracts. Therefore people left for Saltillo, capital of Coahuila y Tejas. Flag of Saltillo in Mexican State of Coahuila y Tejas

4. How did the State Colonization Law of 1825 work? • Coahuila y Tejas passed a State Colonization Law in 1825. This law: • Encouraged foreigners to immigrate to Texas • A family received up to 4,428 acres (one league) for $30. • For every 100 colonists brought to Texas, an empresario received about 23,000 acres. • The empresario had 6 years to bring in 100 families before a colonization contract was canceled.

5. Why was SFA so successful as a colonizer? • Cause: Skillful businessman, hard work, personal integrity, knowledge of Spanish language and customs • Effect: He had 5 total contracts, brought hundreds of families to Texas, and received substantial amounts of land.

6. Why did SFA’s Colonies Succeed? • Austin’s business skills with Mexican authorities • His colonists easily received their titles • Native Americans became less of a threat. • His grants contained some of the most fertile and best-watered land.

7. Who was Green DeWitt? • Second most successful empresario • Authorized to bring in 400 families. • Settled west of Austin’s first colony with Gonzales as their headquarters. • By 1831, he had issued 166 land titles.

8. Who was Martín de León? • Mexican-born empresario • Settled 200 Mexican families along the Guadalupe River • His wife Patricia de la Garza de León helped found Victoria in 1824. She used her own wealth (dowry) to establish the first church in town.

9. Who were the “Irish Empresarios”? • Irishmen James Power & James Hewetsonsettled Irish immigrants along the Gulf Coast town of Refugio. • John McMullen & James McGloinestablished a 2nd colony of Irish immigrants at San Patricio.

10. How did slavery change in Texas during the Mexican National Era? • In 1821-22: • Texas colonists could bring slaves depending on number brought • Mexico offered full citizenship to free blacks, including land ownership and other privileges (some would later help Texas during the Revolution) Above: Hendrick Arnold, free black Texan; revolution scout

11. How did slavery change in Texas during the Mexican National Era? • In 1823: • the Imperial Colonization Law recognized slavery but outlawed slave trading • Required children of slaves to be freed at age 14 • In 1827: • Coahuila y Tejas outlawed additional slaves and granted freedom to all children born to slaves Above: Greenbury Logan, free black Texan, revolution soldier

12. What roles did women and education play in Texas? • Women helped build houses, tend livestock, and defend land • Women could not vote, hold public office, or serve on a jury; but could engage in land sales and sue for survivor benefits • Education was provided by private tutors, U.S. schools, or private schools. Above: Mary Austin Holley, cousin of SFA, see p. 178

13. 3-2-1 Summaries – Exit Ticket • Write 3 big ideas or facts/details of what you learned. (What did it say?) • Write 2 examples, applications, or inferences about what you learned. (What did it mean?) • Write 1 question or draw 1 conclusion about what you learned. (What does it mean?)