Azusa Saigusa, Maki Inoue, Pablo Monsivais, Roseann Torkelson, Ruiwen Qin, Shih-hui Yang

1. Azusa Saigusa, Maki Inoue, Pablo Monsivais, Roseann Torkelson, Ruiwen Qin, Shih-hui Yang

2. How is Food Insecurity defined? Food Insecurity (FI): Limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways. - Food Insecurity may or may not co-exist with hunger Hunger: Uneasy or painful sensation caused by a lack of food. - Food insecurity may relate to involuntary hunger resulting from not being able to afford enough food.

3. How is FI measured? The U.S. Census Bureau began implementing the first Food Security Supplement to its Current Population Survey in 1995. Validated questionnaire that consists of 18 questions Surveys conducted in person or by telephone Measures a persons experience over the preceding 12 months National data for FI have been collected since 1995.

8. Anxiety that the household food budget or food supply may be insufficient to meet basic needs The experience of running out of food, without money to obtain more Perceptions by the respondent that the food eaten by household members was inadequate in quality or quantity Adjustments to normal food use, substituting fewer and cheaper foods than usual Instances of reduced food intake by adults in the household, or consequences of reduced intake such as the physical sensation of hunger or loss of weight Instances of reduced food intake, or consequences of reduced intake, for children in the household

14. �Food Stamp Cycle� : food acquisition cycle which synchronizes with food stamp distribution

16. Economic Mechanism Energy density V.S. Energy cost Energy-dense foods cost less Diet quality People consume less fats and refined sugar as their incomes increases

17. The prevalence of fast food restaurants The density of fast food restaurants is much higher in poorest areas. Supersizing: Value-for-money

18. What are we doing about this? Food aid programs are targeted to populations who experience FI Education WIC education Food Stamp education EFNEP Other Programs Head Start

21. Target population & Goals: Safeguard the health of low-income(180% or less) women, infants, and children up to age 5 who are at nutrition risk Services: Health screening, Nutrition and health education, Breastfeeding support Farmers Market Nutrition Program Healthy Community Project; Moses Lake Relation to food insecurity and obesity: 53% of WIC participants are food insecure focus on the maintenance of pregnant and postpartum women and children�s ideal body weight for the prevention of obesity. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

22. Target population and Goals: To assist low-income families and youth to acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors necessary for nutritionally sound diets To contribute to personal development and the improvement of total family diet and nutritional welfare Services: Lessons on nutrition, cooking skills, food safety, and food budgeting Relation to food insecurity and obesity: Focus on population who are most likely to be food insecure Help the higher risk population balance food resources and avoid obesity

23. Head Start Target population: - Pregnant women and children from birth to age 5 from low-income families Services: - Daily nutritious meals - Opportunities for social, emotional, and intellectual growth - Connects children to a health care source Goal: - Increase the school readiness of young children in low-income families Relation to food insecurity and obesity: - As high as 48.8% participating households are food insecure - 9.6-28% participating kids are overweight. Screen obesity problems. - Promotes breastfeeding.