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Poverty, Adaptation and Disaster Risk Interface: Linking Research and Practice Dr. Tom Mitchell

Poverty, Adaptation and Disaster Risk Interface: Linking Research and Practice Dr. Tom Mitchell. 23 rd March 2009. Disaster - Poverty Cycle. Source: Piyoosh (2006). Poverty Statistics. Urban and rural income poverty 2002 (poverty line = $1.08/day, 1993 PPP).

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Poverty, Adaptation and Disaster Risk Interface: Linking Research and Practice Dr. Tom Mitchell

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  1. Poverty, Adaptation and Disaster Risk Interface: Linking Research and Practice Dr. Tom Mitchell 23rd March 2009

  2. Disaster - Poverty Cycle Source: Piyoosh (2006)

  3. Poverty Statistics Urban and rural income poverty 2002 (poverty line = $1.08/day, 1993 PPP) Source: Ravallion, Chen, and Sangraula (2007)

  4. Source: Mitchell and Tanner (2006)

  5. Disaster Risk , Adaptation and Poverty connected • Impact of disaster or climate-related stress can lead to damaging coping strategies among chronically poor: • Distress sales of critical assets • Crime/conflict • Children leave school to work • Use of critical ecosystem assets (Thomas et al. 2005)

  6. Coping Strategies Coping strategies during a drought in Namibia, 1992 (Devereux 2007)

  7. EMPOWERMENT - Political say - Confidence - Dignity SERVICES - Clean water - Schooling - Health care Hazards Conflict Disease Economic crisis Floods Drought Social and Political dimensions Gender Age, class disability legislation institutions WELL BEING Absence of Poverty Well-being: Absence of Poverty INCOME - Food - Shelter - Clothing ASSETS - Land - Tools - Credit - Family & Friends Multiple dimensions of poverty (+ well being)

  8. Categories of Poverty Source: Jalan and Ravallion (2000)

  9. Need for greater resolution Projected effect of a 10% increase in maize prices on the welfare of different wealth groups in rural Malawi (FAO 2008)

  10. Targeting Vulnerability of Chronically Poor • Employment Guarantee Schemes: • Safety nets effective when already in place when disaster strikes • Insurance inaccessible for rural poor • National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (India): • 100 days work at minimum wage every year • Unemployment benefit • Highly effective in fight against seasonal hunger/famine • Maharashtra – Evidence of avoided famine in drought years Source: Devereux, Vaitla and Hauenstein Swan (2008)

  11. Social Protection for DRR

  12. Conclusion • Poverty and disasters in reinforcing cycle • Coping with impact of disasters varies widely between different categories of poor • DRR and adaptation interventions more successful if also seek to reduce poverty and are tailored to specific asset mixes/needs of different socio-economic groups within countries and communities. • Social protection schemes (proactive) show promise and has growing untapped, for adaptation/DRR literature. • Requires shift to household approaches • Integration of DRR/adaptation into PRSPs with commitment to greater resolution.

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