CH. 2 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING

1. CH. 2 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH? Encompasses both our emotional and mental states, our feelings and thoughts. Emotional health � feelings and moods.

2. Characteristics of emotionally healthy people Determination and effort to be healthy Flexibility and adaptability to a variety of circumstances Sense of meaning and affirmation of life The self is not the only thing that matters Compassion for others To be unselfish Satisfaction from intimate relationships To have a control over the mind and body

3. Mental health � to perceive reality as it is, respond to its challenges, and to develop rational strategies for living. To Function and carry out responsibilities The ability to form relationships Realistic perceptions of the motivations of others Rational, logical thought processes Ability to adapt to change and to cope with adversity

4. Emotional Intelligence Psychologist Daniel Goleman 5 components Developed something called the �EQ� or Emotional Quotient Self-awareness Altruism Personal motivation Empathy Ability to love and be loved by friends, partners, and family

5. THE MASLOW PYRAMID MASLOW�S THEORY IN PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS SAFETY-SECURITY LOVE AND AFFECTION SELF-ESTEEM SELF-ACTUALIZATION

6. Figure 2.1: The Maslow Pyramid. To attain the highest level of psychological health, you must first satisfy your needs for safety and security, love and affection, and self-esteem. Source: Maslow, A. Motivation and Personality, 3rd ed., � 1997. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc.Figure 2.1: The Maslow Pyramid. To attain the highest level of psychological health, you must first satisfy your needs for safety and security, love and affection, and self-esteem. Source: Maslow, A. Motivation and Personality, 3rd ed., � 1997. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc.

7. THE POWER OF SELF-ESTEEM Belief or pride in ourselves. What do you believe about yourself? It starts as a child from your parents that praise you for good deeds. Adults are worthy of love, friendship & success. Low self-esteem commonly seen in people who were abused as children or those with depression, anxiety, alcoholism, or drug dependence. Feeling a lack of love and encouragement as a child can also lead to poor self-esteem.

8. One of the best ways to boost your self-esteem is: POSITIVE THINKING AND TALKING Self-esteem has proved to be one of the best predictors of college adjustment. Students with high self-esteem report better personal, emotional, social, and academic adjustment!!!

9. DOING GOOD Altruism � helping or giving to others. Combining community service with classroom instruction and personal reflection. Various studies have shown that students who volunteer while in college will volunteer after college.

10. DEVELOPING AUTONOMY (Independence) -- Autonomous individuals are true to themselves. -- They may seek opinions from others but rely on their own beliefs and don�t let external influences dictate. --They view control as originating from internal (within) rather than external (from others).

11. ASSERTING YOURSELF Recognizing your feelings and making your needs and desires clear to others. You feel better about yourself when you speak up and state your opinions When you speak up or take action, you�re in the pilot seat. And that�s always much less stressful than taking a back seat and trying to hang on for dear life.

12. SPIRITUAL HEALTH Spirituality is the process of learning about yourself, your value system and applying this knowledge to find your purpose in life. Spiritual Intelligence �the capacity to sense, understand, and tap into the highest parts of ourselves, others, and the world around us.� Spiritual Intelligence unlike spirituality centers on the discovery of a wisdom within rather than a worship of a God above.

13. Figure 2.2: The Mentally Healthy Individual. Mental well-being is a combination of many factors.Figure 2.2: The Mentally Healthy Individual. Mental well-being is a combination of many factors.

14. UNDERSTANDING MENTAL HEALTH Mental Illness/Mental Disorder A mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that interferes with daily activities. i.e. dressing, eating, working. Almost half (50%) of Americans experience a diagnosable psych. problem in lifetime. (not in book) DOES MENTAL HEALTH AFFECT PHYSICAL HEALTH? HOW?

15. Anxiety can lead to asthma attacks, skin conditions, digestive disorders. Stress plays a role in to hypertension, heart attacks, sudden cardiac death and immune disorders Depressed individuals are up to 4 times more likely to develop heart problems 1 in 5 patients hospitalized for a heart attack suffers from major depression

16. WHAT IS IT? A drug that can alter brain chemistry No side effects Inexpensive Helps prevent or treat many common mental disorders Single most effective way to lift a person�s spirits Used as a treatment for depression and anxiety disorders EXERCISE

17. 1. DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS The world�s most common mental ailment. 15-40% of 18-24 yr. olds may develop depression. 4 in 10 depressed adolescents think about killing themselves Why? Breakdown of families, pressures, increased isolation, family history Strongest Predictor of depression: Smoking

18. FEMALE DEPRESSION Depression is twice as common in women as men. Women produce less serotonin(regulates mood) 4 times more likely to develop (SAD), seasonal affective disorder. Childhood abuse likely to develop depression Women�s brains register sadness more intensely Brain chemistry and sex hormones play a role.

19. MALE DEPRESSION 1 in every 14 men suffers from depression Underdiscussed, underrecognized, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. Men may be irritable or fatigued rather than sad. Physical symptoms such as: headaches, pain, and insomnia are common. Many self-medicate with alcohol or drugs. Men are 2 to 4 times more likely to take their own lives than depressed women.

20. Minor Depression Symptoms are the same as major depression but less severe and fewer in number. Therapy very effective Possibly antidepressants Exercise effectively lifts mild to moderate depression DYSTHYMIC DISORDER � frequent, prolonged mild depression. Chronically depressed mood.

21. Major Depression � sadness that won�t end. Symptoms p. 42, many symptoms are masked Rather than feeling sad or depressed, individuals may experience low energy, insomnia, difficulty concentrating, and physical symptoms. Treatment: psychotherapy and/or medication, exercise

22. BIPOLAR DISORDER (Manic Depression) Consists of mood swings that may take individuals from manic states of feeling euphoric and energetic to depressive states of utter despair. About 50% with bipolar disorder have a family history. Symptoms p. 43

23. 2. ANXIETY DISORDERS Most common psychiatric disorders but often undetected and untreated. Phobias- fears of objects or situations Panic attacks- episodes of sudden, inexplicable terror. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)- chronic distress Obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD)- persistent, disturbing thoughts and behaviors Over a lifetime 1 in 4 Americans may experience.

24. 3. ATTENTION DISORDERS (ADHD) Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Most common mental disorder in children. About 4% of college students may have ADHD.

25. 4. SCHIZOPHRENIA One of the most debilitating mental disorders, profoundly impairs an individual�s sense of reality. Failure in brain development early in life. Symptoms p. 46

26. 5. SUICIDE Not a psychiatric disorder, but a consequence of emotional and psychological problems. Depression and alcoholism account for two-thirds of all suicides. Second leading cause of death on college campuses. Elderly men are 10 times more likely to take their own lives than elderly women. What leads to suicide, p.47-50 Suicide Prevention, p. 48-49

27. TYPES OF THERAPISTS Psychiatrists (M.D.�s) prescribe meds Psychotherapy, cannot prescribe medicines, talks to patients. Certified social workers or Licensed professional counselor (LPC) Psychiatric nurses, no special licensing Marriage and family therapists, licensed in some states.

28. THE KEYS TO PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLNESS (NOT IN BOOK) Psychological well-being is not a fixed state of being, but a process. Accept Yourself Respect Yourself Trust Yourself Love Yourself Stretch Yourself, be willing to change and try something new Look at challenges as opportunities for personal growth. Think of not only where but also who you want to be a decade from now.