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K. Premkumar, Tata Sudhakar, D. Rajasekar and G. Rajesh National Institute of Ocean Technology

Importance of Moored Buoy Observations in Indian Seas. K. Premkumar, Tata Sudhakar, D. Rajasekar and G. Rajesh National Institute of Ocean Technology Chennai-601 302, INDIA. Few Facts About India. Indian Coastline : ~7500 km. Exclusive Economic Zone :~ 2.02 million sq. km.

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K. Premkumar, Tata Sudhakar, D. Rajasekar and G. Rajesh National Institute of Ocean Technology

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  1. Importance of Moored Buoy Observations in Indian Seas K. Premkumar, Tata Sudhakar, D. Rajasekar and G. Rajesh National Institute of Ocean Technology Chennai-601 302, INDIA

  2. Few Facts About India Indian Coastline : ~7500 km Exclusive Economic Zone :~ 2.02 million sq. km Population : 1,065,070,607/- with 20% in coastal region Ports : 11 major and 148 minor ports

  3. Characteristics of Northern Indian Ocean Indian monsoon Winter cooling in the northern Arabian sea Upwelling in the west coast of India Warm pool region in the south eastern Arabian sea Tropical cyclones Salinity difference of Indian seas Barrier layer in northern Bay of Bengal

  4. Moored Data Buoys

  5. WAVESCAN BUOY SEAWATCH BUOY Buoy Technology Acquired • Sensors • Air Pressure • Air Temperature • Wind Speed • Wind Direction • Wave Height • Wave Direction • Surface Currents • Water Temp. • Conductivity • Weight : 450 kg • Height : 7.5 m • Diameter : 1.76 m • Weight : 924 kg • Diameter : 2.8 m • Max height : 6.75 m

  6. Standard Sensor Fit & Specification

  7. Real Time Data Transmission

  8. Regular users of NDBP data

  9. Buoy Network Achieved in 1997-2002 (12 nos) INDIA Pipvav SW1 Mumbai SW2 Arabian Sea DS4 Machillipatnam Goa SW3 DS1 DS5 NIOT Bay of Bengal SW4 Mangalore Chennai SW6 DS3 DS2 Tuticorin SW5 OT1

  10. Current Buoy Network (20 nos) INDIA Gulf of Kutchh Gulf of Gambay SW1 MB1 Mumbai Paradip DS4 Ratnagiri SW2 MB12 Machillipatnam MB11 Goa SW3 DS1 Bay of Bengal Arabian Sea DS5 NIOT Chennai SW6 MB10 SW4 Mangalore DS3 OB3 OB8 Cochin DS2 DS6 Tuticorin DS7 SW5 OT1

  11. Cyclone Observations………..

  12. Classification of Cyclones

  13. Cyclone frequency in Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea (Data for the period of 1877-1990)

  14. Major Cyclone Observation by Buoys After its Inception in 1997 1.BANGLADESH SEVERE CYCLONE – September 1997 Buoys observed this phenomenon : DS3, DS4, DS5, SW72.ARABIAN SEA CYCLONE – June 1998 Buoys observed this phenomenon : DS1, SW3,SW43.ORISSA SUPER CYCLONE – October 1999 Buoys observed this phenomenon : DS44. CYCLONE OVER CENTRAL BAY – October 2000Buoys observed this phenomenon : DS3, DS4, DS55. ARABIAN SEA CYCLONE – May 2001Buoys observed this phenomenon : DS16. BAY OF BENGAL CYCLONE – May 2003Buoys observed this phenomenon : OB8, MB11, MB12, DS3, DS57. ARABIAN SEA CYCLONE – May 2004 Buoys observed this phenomenon : DS1, DS2, DS7,SW2, SW3, SW4, OB3, MB1

  15. Track, significant wave height, period and direction of super cyclone in October 1999 8.44 m

  16. Meteosat-5 Image on 03:00 GMT on 15 May 2003 MB12 MB11 DS3 DS5 OB8 994.4 hPa (MB11) 4.7 m (DS5) 15.3 m/s (MB11) Cyclone Observation during May 11 – 17, 2003 in Bay of Bengal

  17. Buoys Observations of Arabian Sea Cyclone during 4-11th May 2004 MB1 SW2 DS1 SW3 SW4 991.76 hPa (OB3) OB3 DS2 DS7 Insat 3A 07.05.04 06GMT 29. 53 m/s (OB3) 6.48 m (OB3)

  18. Other Observations……

  19. Characteristics • Forced by the Cyclone in June 1998. • Rotation is Clockwise with five inertial cycles. • Observed period and speed matches • well with the theoretical value. N Progressive Vector Plot showing Inertial Oscillation 15th June E 5th June Inertial Oscillation Forced by a Tropical Cyclone in the Arabian Sea During June 1998

  20. Moored Buoy Observations in the Arabian Sea Warm pool 2003 • A pronounced pre-monsoon warming with high SST of 31.71oC is observed in warm pool • Biweekly oscillation in SST is observed during the warming phase • The warm pool attains the mature stage much before the monsoon onset

  21. SST in Central Arabian Sea

  22. Drop in during SST in Central Arabian Sea

  23. Bimodal oscillation in SST

  24. Sea surface temperature observed during winter cooling in February 2002 20.41deg. C

  25. 40 Buoy Network Planned

  26. THANK YOU

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