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The American Legal System

The Judicial Branch. The American Legal System. Relevant Standards of Learning. CE.10 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the judicial systems established by the Constitution of Virginia and the Constitution of the United States by

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The American Legal System

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  1. The Judicial Branch The American Legal System

  2. Relevant Standards of Learning • CE.10 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the judicial systems established by the Constitution of Virginia and the Constitution of the United States by a) describing the organization and jurisdiction of federal and state courts; b) describing the exercise of judicial review; c) explaining court proceedings in civil and criminal cases; d) explaining how due process protections seek to ensure justice.

  3. Student Objectives • Describe the organization and jurisdiction of courts. (CE.10a) • Describe the exercise of judicial review. (CE.10b) • Explain court proceedings in criminal and civil cases. (CE.10c) • Explain how due process protections seek to ensure justice. (CE.10d)

  4. What part of the U. S. Constitution defines the judicial branch of government? Article III

  5. List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  6. List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  7. List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  8. List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  9. List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  10. List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  11. List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  12. List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  13. List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  14. List the three levels of the United States court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  15. What is a magistrate? A magistrate issues search warrants, subpoenas, arrest warrants, and summons and sets bail.

  16. List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  17. List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  18. List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  19. List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  20. List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  21. List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  22. List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  23. List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  24. List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  25. List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  26. List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  27. List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  28. List the four levels of the Virginia court system, jurisdiction and trial method.

  29. What is judicial review? The supreme courts of the United States and Virginia determine the constitutionality of laws and acts of the executive branch of the government.

  30. What Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review? Marbury v. Madison

  31. What is criminal law? A court determines whether a person accused of breaking the law is guilty or not guilty of a misdemeanor or a felony.

  32. What are the steps in a criminal trial? • Arrest (if probable cause is established) • Jail or bail • Arraignment (review probable cause, attorney appointed, plea entered) • Trial • Possible appeal

  33. What is civil law? A court settles a disagreement between two parties

  34. What are the steps is a civil case? • A plaintiff files a complaint • The case is heard by a judge or jury • Possible appeal

  35. How are juvenile cases handled differently than those of adults? • Judges have greater latitude in handling juvenile cases • Juveniles who commit serious crimes can be tried as adults

  36. What is due process of law? The constitutional protection against unfair governmental actions and laws

  37. Where are due process protections defined? • 5th Amendment – prohibits the national government from acting in an unfair manner • 14th Amendment – prohibits the state and local government from acting in an unfair manner

  38. Raise your hand to answer the following questions!

  39. What is the name of the constitutional protection against unfair governmental practices?

  40. What is the name of the constitutional protection against unfair governmental practices? Due Process

  41. What was established in the Supreme Court case ofMarbury v. Madison?

  42. What was established in the Supreme Court case ofMarbury v. Madison? Judicial Review

  43. Name the levels of the federal and state courts that have a jury. U. S. District Courts & Circuit Courts of Virginia

  44. What is the name given to the pre-trial phase during which probable cause is reviewed, an attorney is appointed, and a plea is entered? Arraignment

  45. What are the two sides in a civil trial called? plaintiff and defendant

  46. A U. S. citizen born on July 4, 1995 has been charged with breaking and entering. What court will hear this case? Juvenile & Domestic Relations Court

  47. What is the court of highest jurisdiction in the United States?

  48. What is the court of highest jurisdiction in the United States?

  49. Thomas, Sotomayor, Scalia, Breyer, Chief Justice Roberts, Alito, Kennedy, Kagan, Ginsberg United States Supreme Court What is the court of highest jurisdiction in the United States?

  50. What part of the Constitution deals with the Judicial Branch? Article III

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