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Transition from traditional census to sample survey? (Experience from Population and Housing Census 2011). Group of Experts on Population and Housing Censuses , Geneva, 24.- 25. May 2012 Ľudmila Ivančíková, Viera Doktoríková Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic.
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Transition from traditional census to sample survey?(Experience from Population and Housing Census 2011) Group of Experts on Population and Housing Censuses, Geneva, 24.- 25. May 2012 Ľudmila Ivančíková, Viera Doktoríková Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic
Census 2011 – Basic info • Traditionalcensusbased on self-enumeration • Fieldworkers – 19 756 enumerators • Electronic and traditionalquestionnaires • Usingofidentifiers • Population Register usedforgeneratingtheidentifiers, as a toolforcomparingthecensusresultswiththeadministrativesource and as a base forimputations
Importantdates - summary • CensusReferencedate -> midnightbetweenFriday, the 20th ofMay, 2011 and Saturday, the 21st ofMay, 2011 • CensusPeriod -> fromMay, 13th to June, 6th • Datacollectionthroughthe Internet -> May, 21st – May, 29th • Dataprocessingfrom -> June, 6th tillnow • Finaloutputs on nationallevel -> 2012 February 29th
Traditionalcensus in Slovakia • Longhistoryofconductingcensusesas a comprehensivesurvey (from 1754) • Rangeoftraditionalelementsfromthepreviouscensuseswereapplied: • institutionalcovering by regionalstatisticaloffices and municipalities • datacollection by themeansoffieldwork • usingofpaperquestionnaires
Publicreaction – responseburden • Negative –> reason = multiplecollectionofbasicdemographiccharacteristics and personaldata (forcheckingthe identity ofpersons) • Requestsfromthepublic – to usetheadministrativedatasources (ADS) –> more accurate and updateddata on theregularbasis – almostimmediatelyafterthechangeofdemographic or socio-economiccharacteristics has beenmade
Reasonsforkeepingthetraditionalformofcensusconducting • Somebutnotallcharacteristics are availablefromregisters • Existingadministrativesourcescontaindataforparticulargroupofinhabitantsnotforthewholepopulation • Theunifiedidentifier, whichcouldmakepossiblethetwo-waylinkingofdata, doesnotexistyet • Theprojectofinformatizationofthepublicadministrationwasstopped just aftertheadoptionofcensuslawact, althoughitcould help use the ADS also for census purposes
Using ADS in thenextcensus • Precondition -> positivepublicopinionforusing ADS forthestatisticalpurposes and strongaccent on theprivacyprotection • Principle -> ADS providethecompletecoverage and reducethecosts • By usingregistersitispossible to produce more detailedstatisticsthen by usingsamplesurveys (e. g. smallareasdata or multipliedclassifications) • Legislation has to reflectthefactofusingexisting ADS besidestherepeatingdatacollectionforthestatisticalpurposes
Population Register (PR) as a sourceofdataforthecensus • Currentlyusedforannualdemographicbalancesprocessing • Containsallnecessarydatabesidesthedata on theeducationalattainment • Possiblecomplications: thequalityofdata in PR isnotsufficient, buttheproblems are solvable just in a short-timehorizon – thereis no needforlegislationchanges, just foradjustmentofoutputdatafromthe PR on the base ofexternalinformation and providingthedatafromMinistryofInterior on a regularbasis
Problematicissuesfromthe 2011 census • Traditionally, theresponse rate and thecompletenesswereveryhigh, itwasnotanissue to solve • In the 2011 censusthe rate ofnon-responsessignificantlyincreased in allthreetypesofnon-responses – per unit, partial per unit and itemnon-response • In thecaseoftheitemnon-responsesomeoftherelevantanswerswerenotprovided • Theunitnon-responsewasgeographicallyconcentratedmainly to thelocationofthecapital
Solutionsforproblemsoccured in 2011 Census • The SO SR hiredtheexternalexperts to workupthetheoreticalsolutions, methods and software toolsforusingtheimputations • Thedata are currently in theprocessingphase, thatcontainsalsothedataanalysis and imputation
Futureofthecensusconducting in Slovakia • According to thecurrentconditions, replacingthetraditionalcensuswithadministrativesourcesseems to behardlyprobable • Thereforeweshouldlookfor a transitionalformofcensusconducting – e.g. combinationoftraditionalmethod and thesamplesurvey • Variablesthatcouldbeincludedintothecomprehensive (nationwide) survey and variablesthatcouldbesurveyed in thesamplesurveys
Conclusions • Developmentof IT opensthewayforusing ADS • Theprocessoftransitionshouldbegradual • Preparationofthenextcensusimmediatelyafterendingthe 2011 Census • Outputpresentationas a matterofdiscussion (howdetailedinformation on whichgeographicallevel) • Participationofallinvolvedsubjects • Thelawactshouldbepreparedwith more respectofcurrentsituation and adoptedascloseaspossible to thecensusreferencedate