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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Resolution and Design. Predesign Phase. Programming Functions to: Guide Inform Inspire the project designer Not a ‘grocery list’ Not a ‘wish list’ Owner and Architect break a project down: Room-by-room Space-by-space Department-by-department Relationship-by-relationship.

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Resolution and Design

  2. Predesign Phase • Programming • Functions to: • Guide • Inform • Inspire the project designer • Not a ‘grocery list’ • Not a ‘wish list’ • Owner and Architect break a project down: • Room-by-room • Space-by-space • Department-by-department • Relationship-by-relationship

  3. The Project Program • A function of the owner, guided by the architect to meet the following needs: • Provides information about desires and the general concepts of the project – answers the architect’s questions. • Provides all information required by the architect to design the project • Life-style • Features • Design style • Specific parameters • Discuss budget and contingency funding • Discuss possibility and method for changes

  4. The Program • The sequence of programming and design events involves the following: • Strategic goals and objectives • Legal and regulatory parameters • Building functions and unique activities • Space requirements for each room and associated adjacencies • Specific requirements for each room • Specific requirements for each building services (mechanical) systems • Site constraints and development requirements • Design and planning considerations • Concept solution • Project budget • Project schedule and delivery constraints

  5. Design Phase • Project Design • Balloon Diagram • Show routings • Relationships between operations • Departments and personnel • Combine the above into some shape or form of enclosure • Enclosure then designed to be • Pleasing • Attractive • Functional • Virtual design is more widely used today • Design is founded on: • Function, strength, aesthetics and economics

  6. Design Phase • Project Design (continued) • Design is a process that is directed toward resolving four general areas in every project: • Needs and desires of people • Physical, intellectual, aesthetic and emotional • Influences of architecture • Natural, cultural, and technological • Major requirements of architecture • Function, strength, aesthetics and economics • Design elements of architecture • Plans, forms and composition

  7. Design Phase • Project Design (continued) • Design can be seen as following scientific processing, in that it closely follows ths six steps established by Galileo for scientific exploration: • Define the problem • Establish objectives • Collect pertinent information • Analyze the problem • Consider possible solutions • Solve the problem • Steps 1-4 are called ‘programming’ • Steps 5-6 are called ‘design’

  8. Design Phase • Development of a Schematic (Preliminary) Design • Project Designer formulates an overall design scheme • Examine factors that may affect design scheme • Incorporate more programming information as manifested by meetings • Develop schemes (most often numerous) and work with owner on final design • Revisions, Changes and Additions • Tearing apart and starting again if viable solutions are not attained • Reach a consensus solution • Variations of the basic solution

  9. Design Phase • Revisions, Changes and Additions (continued) • A CM could be hired to: • Be an agent of the owner • Lend insight on the schematic design process in the form of: • Construction practices • Materials • Systems • Cost information • A GC could be hired much like a CM and provide construction data in the design process.

  10. Design Phase • Revisions, Changes and Additions (continued) • In the end the owner: • Makes the subjective decisions of which design scheme or concept is preferable • The professionals usually • Aid the selection process • Discuss pros and cons of each plan w/ the owner • Create, plan and develop options • Take comments and instructions from the owner • Revise to adjust the scheme to the new criteria.

  11. Design Approval (By Owner) • Approval of Design Concept: • Professional may present several concepts to the owner for evaluations which contain: • Elements of the project • Associated cost • The structure: • May change in appearance according to concepts • Options are usually necessary • The owner should choose the configuration with the best fit for all of the project program parameters. • The owner makes the final decision on which concept will be used. • Formally approved by owner in writing (signed drawings) • Renderings and floor plans are now developed

  12. Design Approval (By Owner) • Renderings and floor plans are now developed • These drawings control other aspects of the project • Provide basis for: • Drawings • Documents • Concepts • What if the plans do not work? • Project could be in jeopardy • May not achieve a good final result • Floor plans give overall extent and configuration • Renderings provide the exterior appearance

  13. Interior Hand Rendering

  14. Exterior Hand Renderings

  15. Sketch-Up Rendering

  16. Revit Rendering

  17. Design Approval (By Owner) • Final Approval of Design Concept • Approval must be documented: • In writing • Signed drawings • Could guide specifications listing • Materials and systems • How the project will be constructed • How the contract will be fulfilled • Lacks minute details but sets: • Directions • Requirements • Intent of the professional • Marks the formal end of the schematic design

  18. Design Approval (By Owner) • Subsurface Investigation • I contradicted myself here in last lecture – in the architects ‘perfect world’ anything can be built anywhere given enough money. • May be part of the feasibility study: • Think of the proposed site location • If the soil is tried-and-true to expected performance there is no guess work. • Could be a deal breaker • Subsurface soils investigation is an essential part of the design of the project: • Types of soil may determine expense of bearing systems • Never ignore the soils condition it is an essential part of the design process

  19. Design Approval (By Owner) • Subsurface Investigation • Common method of investigation: • Soil boring: • driving a hollow tube, about 2.5” in diameter, and composed of two halves. • Also called ‘split-spoon sampling’ • Driven to a depth pre-established by local geology mapping. • When opened the sample shows: • Depth • Composition • Coloration of the various soils • Expressed in pounds or tons/square foot • What is the best bearing material?

  20. Design Development Phase • Design Development • Second portion of the design phase • Brings detailed information to the documents • Involves selection of: • Materials • Systems • The gathering and piecing together of data that shows exactly the construction to come • The drawings can be used and often seen as the actual contract (working drawings) • This phase takes time, usually 20% of the total fee • CAD has helped in cutting this fee • Read paragraph 2 page 81

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