Struggles for Rights: The Colonies Fight for Their Rights

1. Splash Screen

2. Chapter Introduction Section 1:The Colonies Fight for Their Rights Section 2:The Revolution Begins Section 3:The War for Independence Section 4:The War Changes American Society Visual Summary Chapter Menu

3. Why Do People Rebel? • Even today, Americans grow frustrated when the government raises taxes. In the early colonial era, Americans grew accustomed to running their own affairs. So when Britain tried to reestablish control, tensions mounted over taxes and basic rights. • Why do you think colonists became angry at Britain? • When do you think it is acceptable to rebel against a government? Chapter Intro

4. Chapter Timeline

5. Chapter Timeline

6. The Colonies Fight for Their Rights How did the relationship between Britain and its colonies begin to disintegrate after the mid-1700s? Chapter Intro 1

7. The Revolution Begins What led to the American Revolution and the establishment of the United States? Chapter Intro 2

8. The War for Independence How did the American colonists win the war for independence against Britain? Chapter Intro 3

9. The War Changes American Society How did the Revolution change society in America? Chapter Intro 4

10. Chapter Preview-End

11. Big Ideas Struggles for RightsThe colonists used economic protest to fight the power of the British Parliament. Section 1-Main Idea

12. Content Vocabulary • customs duty • inflation • nonimportation agreement • writ of assistance Academic Vocabulary • dominance • substitute Section 1-Key Terms

13. People and Events to Identify • Albany Plan of Union • French and Indian War • Stamp Act • Sons of Liberty • Townshend Acts • Boston Massacre Section 1-Key Terms

14. A B Do you feel that laws and rules are important in order to maintain order in our society? A. Yes B. No Section 1-Polling Question

15. The French and Indian War Rivalry between France and England turned into a war for control of North America. Section 1

16. The French and Indian War (cont.) • One of the first skirmishes occurred between the British and French in the spring of 1754. • George Washington tried to win the Ohio River valley for the British but lost to the French. The French and Indian War, 1754–1763 Section 1

17. The French and Indian War (cont.) • The Albany Conference achieved several things: • Although the Iroquois refused an alliance with the British, they did agree to remain neutral. • The colonies agreed that Britain should appoint one supreme commander of all British troops in the colonies. • They also issued the Albany Plan of Union, which was rejected. Section 1

18. The French and Indian War (cont.) • The Delaware people’s successful ambush of General Edward Braddock and Lieutenant Colonel George Washington in 1755 led to the French and Indian War. • In 1756 the fighting between Britain and France spread to Europe, where it later became known as the Seven Years’ War. • The Treaty of Paris finally ended the war in 1763. Section 1

19. A B The Treaty of Paris eliminated which country’s power in North America? A.French B.British Section 1

20. Growing Discontent The British decision to stop colonists from settling new western lands and to impose new taxes led to widespread protests. Section 1

21. Growing Discontent (cont.) • King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763 to end warring between the Native Americans and the British. • The Proclamation drew a line north to south along the Appalachian Mountains and declared that colonists could not settle west of that line without the British government’s permission. Section 1

22. Growing Discontent (cont.) • In 1763 George Grenville became prime minister and first lord of the Treasury. • Since smugglers were not paying customs duties, he convinced Parliament to pass a law allowing them to be tried at a new vice-admiralty court in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The Proclamation of 1763 and Grenville’s Reforms Section 1

23. Growing Discontent (cont.) • Other acts passed by George Grenville that angered the people: • The American Revenue Act of 1764—or Sugar Act—raised the tax rates on imports of raw sugar and molasses. • Currency Act of 1764—slow inflation • Stamp Actof 1765—raise more money Section 1

24. Growing Discontent (cont.) • By the summer of 1765, a group called the Sons of Libertywas organizing huge demonstrations and intimidating stamp distributors. • In October, representatives from nine colonies met for what became known as the Stamp Act Congress. • They issued the Declaration of Rights and Grievances. Section 1

25. Growing Discontent (cont.) • In New York, 200 merchants signed a nonimportation agreement, pledging not to buy any British goods until Parliament repealed the Stamp Act. • British lawmakers repealed the act in 1766. Section 1

26. A B C D Why did Grenville institute the Currency Act of 1764? A.To speed inflation B.To slow inflation C.To raise taxes on certain imports D.To lower taxes on certain imports Section 1

27. The Townshend Acts Colonists continued to deny that Parliament had the right to tax them and began organizing resistance to new taxes. Section 1

28. The Townshend Acts (cont.) • In 1767 Charles Townshend, the new chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced new regulations and taxes—later called the Townshend Acts. • One of these acts was the Revenue Act of 1767, which legalized the use of writs of assistance. Section 1

29. The Townshend Acts (cont.) • The Townshend Acts infuriated many colonists, and the Massachusetts assembly began organizing resistance against Britain. • British officials dissolved the Massachusetts assembly and the House of Burgesses due to their resistance. • Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Virginia passed nonimportation laws, blocking the sale of British goods. Section 1

30. The Townshend Acts (cont.) • On March 5, 1770 the Boston Massacre occurred due to mounting tension between British customs officers and the Americans. Section 1

31. A B C D Who wrote a series of essays entitled Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania? A.Samuel Adams B.John Dickinson C.Patrick Henry D.Thomas Jefferson Section 1

32. Section 1-End

33. Big Ideas Government and SocietyThe colonists formed the Continental Congress to act as a government during the American Revolution. Section 2-Main Idea

34. Content Vocabulary • committee of correspondence • minuteman Academic Vocabulary • enforce • submit Section 2-Key Terms

35. People and Events to Identify • Boston Tea Party • Intolerable Acts • Loyalist • Patriot • Battle of Bunker Hill • Thomas Paine • Declaration of Independence Section 2-Key Terms

36. A B Do you understand why some colonists did not want to break with England? A. Yes B. No Section 2-Polling Question

37. Massachusetts Defies Britain When Parliament punished Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party, the colonists organized the First Continental Congress. Section 2

38. Massachusetts Defies Britain (cont.) • To intercept smugglers, the British sent customs ships to patrol North American waters. • Thomas Jefferson suggested that each colony create a committee of correspondenceto communicate with the other colonies about British activities. • Under Lord North’s rule, Parliament passed the Tea Act of 1773 to help the struggling British East India Company. Section 2

39. Massachusetts Defies Britain (cont.) • In October 1773, the East India Company shipped 1,253 chests of tea to Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Charles Town. • The committees of correspondence decided that they must not allow the tea to be unloaded. • In Boston, 150 men boarded the ships and dumped the tea overboard—now known as the Boston Tea Party. Countdown to Revolution, 1763–1776 Section 2

40. Massachusetts Defies Britain (cont.) • In spring of 1774, Parliament passed four new laws—the Coercive Acts—in order to punish Massachusetts and end colonial challenges. • Coercive Acts: • Boston Port Act • Massachusetts Government Act • Administrative of Justice Act • Quartering Act Countdown to Revolution, 1763–1776 Section 2

41. Massachusetts Defies Britain (cont.) • In July 1774, the British also introduced the Quebec Act, which seemed to imply that the British were trying to seize control of the colonial governments. • The Coercive Acts and the Quebec Act became known as the Intolerable Acts. Countdown to Revolution, 1763–1776 Section 2

42. Massachusetts Defies Britain (cont.) • On September 5, 1774, the First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia. • The first order of business was to endorse the Suffolk Resolves. • When the Congress learned that the British had suspended the Massachusetts assembly, they voted to issue the Declaration of Rights and Grievances. Section 2

43. Massachusetts Defies Britain (cont.) • The delegates also approved the Continental Association and agreed to hold a second Continental Congress in May 1775 if the crises had not been resolved. Section 2

44. A B C D Which of the Coercive Acts allowed the governor to transfer trials of British soldiers and officials to Britain to protect them from American juries. A.Boston Port Act B.Massachusetts Government Act C.Administrative of Justice Act D.Quartering Act Section 2

45. The Revolution Begins Colonists organized alternative governments and formed militias to oppose British “tyranny.” Section 2

46. The Revolution Begins (cont.) • Throughout the summer and fall of 1774, British control of the colonies weakened as colonists created provincial congresses and militias raided military depots for ammunition and gunpowder. • The town of Concord created a special unit of minutemen. Section 2

47. The Revolution Begins (cont.) • Americans who supported the British side in the conflict became known as Loyalists, or Tories. • Those who believed that the British were tyrants were known as Patriots, or Whigs. The Battles of Lexington and Concord, April 1775 Section 2

48. The Revolution Begins (cont.) • In April 1775, the British government ordered General Gage to arrest the Massachusetts Provincial Congress. • Instead, Gage set out for Concord in order to seize the militia’s supply depot. • Patriots heard about the plan, prepared for their arrival, and forced them to retreat. • By May 1775, the militia had surrounded Boston, trapping the British. Section 2

49. The Revolution Begins (cont.) • Three weeks after the battles at Lexington and Concord, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia. • They “adopted” the militia army surrounding Boston and named it the Continental Army. • They also selected George Washington to command the new army. Section 2

50. The Revolution Begins (cont.) • The British landed reinforcements in Boston, and what came to be known as theBattle of Bunker Hillensued. • This victory helped build American confidence. Section 2