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Intro to BioChem: Basic Chemistry Concepts (Ch. 2)

Intro to BioChem: Basic Chemistry Concepts (Ch. 2). Definitions. Element -A substance that can’t be broken down into simpler chemical substances. Atom -The smallest part of an element that upholds the chemical properties of that element -What’s smaller: an atom or element?.

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Intro to BioChem: Basic Chemistry Concepts (Ch. 2)

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  1. Intro to BioChem: Basic Chemistry Concepts (Ch. 2)

  2. Definitions Element -A substance that can’t be broken down into simpler chemical substances. Atom -The smallest part of an element that upholds the chemical properties of that element -What’s smaller: an atom or element?

  3. Structure of an Atom: • Atoms have a nucleus…located in the center of the atom • Atoms have electron energy levels…surround the nucleus ATOM

  4. Structure of an Atom: Three subatomic particles… The nucleus is composed of 2 particles. Protons: positively charged - shown in diagrams as: p+ or + Neutrons: particles with no charge - shown in diagrams as: no or o (The nucleus is positively charged.)

  5. Electrons: form “clouds” around the nucleus. • Negatively charged particles • Move rapidly & randomly around the nucleus • Shown in diagrams as: e- or -

  6. How do we calculate how many protons, neutrons, and electrons an atom has? 1. Atomic Number = # of protons. 2. Assume # of protons = # of electrons. 3. # of neutrons = atomic mass - # of protons.

  7. How many electrons can a energy level hold? • First energy level • Closest to the nucleus • Smallest • Holds up to 2 electrons • Second energy level • Next one out after first energy level • Bigger: Holds up to 8 electrons • Third energy level • Next one out after 2nd energy level • Larger yet – holds up to 8 electrons

  8. Atoms can contain equal numbers of electrons and protons. (e = p) • If an atom loses an electron, it becomes positively charged • If an atom gains an electron, it becomes negatively charged

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