“Broad Band continuum and Cyclotron Scattering Features in the Spectra of Accreting X-ray Pulsars”

1. “Broad Band continuum and Cyclotron Scattering Features in the Spectra of Accreting X-ray Pulsars” Andrea Santangelo, E. Kendziorra, C. Tenzer, D. Klochkov, D. Horns, T. Schanz, M. Martin Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik Kepler Center for Astro and Particle Physics Karls Eberhard Universität Tübingen Simbol-X Workshop

2. X-ray Binaries with a NS Courtesy of Scientific American Liu et al. A&A, 2000, 2005 • Most of them are in HMXRB • A few LMXRB (Her X-1, 4U1626-67, GX1+4) Simbol-X Workshop

3. B ~ 1012-1013 G On grounds of magnetic flux conservation during the SN core collapse Accretion Ghosh & Lamb, 1978 Kuster, 2003 Simbol-X Workshop

4. 1 Crab1mCrab The „Transient“ Behaviour of the Be/X-ray Binaries Kretschmar, 1996 Simbol-X Workshop

5. Accretion Columns ? Basko & Sunyaev, 1976 Kuster, 2003 Simbol-X Workshop

6. Or Accretion “Spaghetti” ? Simbol-X Workshop

7. Kretschmar, 1996 after Harding, 1994 Simbol-X Workshop

8. PL a~1 BB Ecyc Fe Lines Wien Hump Simbol-X Workshop Dal Fiume et al., A&A 1998

9. E-a E<Ecut POHEI (E) = E-aexp(-(E-Ecut)/Ef)) E>Ecut The continua ? White et al, 1983 Tanaka, 1986 Mihara, 1995 Approximates thermal comptonization  Sunyaev and Titarchuk, 1980 Segreto, 2001 Simbol-X Workshop

10. 1st Science Question • Which is the broad band continuum of accreting Pulsar ? • What are the physical processes that generates the continuum emission in the accretion column? And the ones that reprocess the emerging radiation ? Becker & Wolff, ApJ 2007 Simbol-X Workshop

11. Simbol-X Workshop

12. Broad Band Phase Resolved Spectroscopy with high granularity in phase 1st Requirement Simbol-X Workshop

13. Cyclotron lines basic theory The motion of the electron perpendicularly to the B field is quantized in the Landau levels Equispaced If relativistic corrections are taken into account θis the angle between the photon and the magnetic field Simbol-X Workshop

14. Cyclotron lines basic theory (2) Mean free path is short, quasi instantaneous re-capturing of the photon Electron is excited to the n Landau level Lifetime is short De-excitation to ground state via single or multiple photon emission Simbol-X Workshop

15. Simbol-X Workshop Schönerr et al., PHD Thesis, 2007

16. Harmonic ratios 1:(1.9±0.05):(2.8±0.05):(3.9±0.1) RXTE Heindl et al. 1999; BeppoSAX Santangelo et al., 1999 Deep Second E1cyc@ 12.74 E2cyc@ 24.16 keV E3cyc@ 35.74 E4cyc@ 49.5 keV E5cyc@ 60. keV Shallow First The EW of harmonics were found to be larger than the fundamental Simbol-X Workshop

17. 2nd Science Question • What can we learn from phase resolved studies of Cyclotron line energy, width and depth? • Can we extract Physical information (Physical parameters of the plasma!) from the phase variation of the line shape and emission wings ? • Excellent progress have been made in the last years!! Araya & Harding, ApJ 517, 334 (1999) Araya & Harding, ApJ 544, 1067 (2000) G. Schönherr et al., A&A, submitted O. Nishimura, PASJ, 2006 Simbol-X Workshop

18. θ slab τsl = τ/cos(θ) <σ(E,θ)>f(p,Te) QM relativistic cross sections θ cylinder τcy = τ/sin(θ) Schönerr et al., PHD Thesis, 2007 Ingredients: geometry, photons and electrons B~1013G f(E) f(p) E┴ f(θ) • electron temperature Te • rel. Maxwellian distribution • ground Landau state • low-density plasma • energy distribution ~ f(E) • isotropic injection • internally irradiated plasma Courtesy of Gabi Schönherr, IAAT/Bamberg; Schönherr et al., 2005 Simbol-X Workshop

19. Schönerr et al., A&A submitted 2007 Line morphology Simbol-X Workshop

20. Phase Resolved Spectroscopy of harmonics parameters and capability of morphological studies 2nd Requirement Simbol-X Workshop

21. The luminosity dependence • Anticorrelation ? • Correlation ? Simbol-X Workshop

22. Caballero et al., 2007 • A0535+26 Correlation or Anti-correlation? • Staubert et al., 2007 • Her X-1, 5 years of data • Correlation is clearly observed • Tsygankov et al., 2006 • V0332+53, Outburst 2005 • Anticorrelation is clearly observed Simbol-X Workshop

23. Again X0115+63 • Tsygankov et al., 2007, astro-ph 0704.2874v1 • 4U 0115+63, Outburst 1999, but also 2004 Simbol-X Workshop

24. 3rd Science Question • What can we learn from the luminosity dependence of Cyclotron line energy, width and depth ? • Correlation/Anticorrelation are related to the accretion luminosity ? Do we observe a change of regime around 1037 ergs/sec ? Simbol-X Workshop

25. Capability of monitoring with good accuracy and wide dynamic range the luminosity dependence of CRSF parameters 3rd Requirement Simbol-X Workshop

26. Simbol X: broad band Simbol-X Workshop

27. Simbol X: Phase Resolved Spectroscopy Simbol-X Workshop

28. Simbol X: Morphology Simbol-X Workshop

29. Luminosity dependence, V0332 Simbol-X Workshop

30. Conclusions • Simbol X will be able to observe with unprecedented accuracy • Broad band phase resolved continuum (BB, PL, Cut-off, harder tails) • The Phase Dependence of CRSF • The Luminosity dependence of CRSF parameters • Phase Resolved Line shapes studies • Geometry of the pulsed components • …of the line forming region • Emission processes of spectral formation • …spectral reprocessing • Plasma Parameters • …B, T, tau, etc… Simbol-X Workshop