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Self Organization and Energy Efficient TDMA MAC Protocol by Wake Up for Wireless Sensor Networks

Self Organization and Energy Efficient TDMA MAC Protocol by Wake Up for Wireless Sensor Networks. Zhihui Chen and Ashfaq Khokhar ECE Department, University of Illinois at Chicago IEEE International Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON 2004). Outline. Introduction

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Self Organization and Energy Efficient TDMA MAC Protocol by Wake Up for Wireless Sensor Networks

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  1. Self Organization and Energy Efficient TDMA MAC Protocol by Wake Up for Wireless Sensor Networks Zhihui Chen and Ashfaq KhokharECE Department, University of Illinois at Chicago IEEE International Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON 2004)

  2. Outline • Introduction • Overview • TDMA-W Protocol • Simulation Results • Conclusion

  3. Introduction --- Sensor Networks • General properties • Low traffic rate • Low power • Battery recharging is usually unavailable • Stationary sensor nodes • MAC protocol • Constraint • Low traffic rate • Power resource • Objective • Optimize the node lifetime

  4. Introduction --- Proposed MAC Protocol • Key idea • The host can sense their arrivals and open the door at the right time • TDMA-based • A TDMA frame for each node • s-slot (Transmit/Send slot), w-slot (Wakeup slot) • Procedure • Self-organization • Channel Access • Advantage • Collision-free

  5. Overview • network topology • idea • s-slot for each node is unique in its two-hop range • several nodes can share a w-slot • channel activity • assumption • nodes 1, 4 and 5: w-slot (slot 7) • nodes 2, 3 and 6: w-slot (slot 8)

  6. Channel and Traffic Model • Single channel • Fixed transmission range • Communication range is a circle • Packet loss is only due to transmission contention • Events are Poisson distributed • Network is synchronized

  7. TDMA-W Protocol --- Self-Organization Procedure START random selection s-slot selection Packet broadcast(node ID, s-slot number, one-hop neighbors’ IDs, and their s-slot assignments) s-slot announcement Check whether one of the 2-hop neighbors has the same s-slot Yes collision ? • no new nodes join • s-slot assignments are not changed • no collisions are detected No No terminated ? Packet broadcast(s-slot selections of all 2-hop neighbors) Yes s-slot announcement Unused slot or any s-slot being used by the nodes beyond its 2-hop neighbors w-slot selection Packet with w-slot broadcast w-slot announcement END

  8. TDMA-W Protocol --- Channel Access self-organization • in_counter • out_counter counters initialization anyoutgoingdata ? anyincomingdata ? anywakeuppacket ? No No No decreaseout_counter decreasein_counter Yes Yes Yes out_counter< 0 ? receive data turn on during the s-slot of the sender No in_counter< 0 ? No send dataduring s-slot Yes Yes send w-slot packetduring w-slot of destination go to sleep do nothing keep listening send data during s-slot

  9. Simulation Results --- Parameters

  10. Simulation Results More collision happened  time for self-organization increases with the increase in the number of nodes

  11. Simulation Results --- Power Consumption • One-hop random traffic • All-to one reduction operation traffic • One-to-all broadcast operation traffic Simulation time: 600 secs • TDMA-W: 0.16% ~ 0.7%, 10% S-MAC: 4.7% ~ 10.1% • power consumption of TDMA-W is only1.5% ~ 15% as much as S-MAC • network lifetime of TDMA-W is 6.67 times longer than 10% S-MAC

  12. Simulation Results --- Transmission Delay • One-hop random traffic • All-to one reduction operation traffic • High traffic load (event arrival rate > 0.5) • delay in S-MAC increase due to congestion • Delay for TDMA-W is much higher than S-MAC • traffic can travel multiple hops in a second in S-MAC • traffic can only travel one hop in a second in TDMA-W

  13. Conclusion • Efficient protocols for Self-organization and channel access control • TDMA-based • Save much power than 10% S-MAC • Collision-free • Reliable transmission is guaranteed • Feasible delay

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