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THE FLEMISH MANURE POLICY AND MANAGEMENT

THE FLEMISH MANURE POLICY AND MANAGEMENT. Ir. SIBYLLE VERPLAETSE. Livestock industry and water quality. farms in Flanders. 34.000 farms:. Livestock units in Flanders. Manure surplus. Flanders: 13.500 km² Agricultural land: 670.000 ha. MAP-monitoring network (surface water).

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THE FLEMISH MANURE POLICY AND MANAGEMENT

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  1. THE FLEMISH MANURE POLICY AND MANAGEMENT Ir. SIBYLLE VERPLAETSE

  2. Livestock industry and water quality

  3. farms in Flanders 34.000 farms:

  4. Livestock units in Flanders Manure surplus

  5. Flanders: 13.500 km² • Agricultural land: 670.000 ha

  6. MAP-monitoring network(surface water) • Specific monitoring in agricultural areas: • 260 from 1999 to end 2002 • 800 from end 2002 until presently • Results are communicated to the sector on a monthly basis ( CD-rom) and are published on the internet

  7. MAP-monitoring network(surface water) Evolution of the MAP-results

  8. Groundwater monitoring • Intensive monitoring: 2100 monitoring locations in phreatic groundwater since 2004 • First results of groundwater monitoring:

  9. Nitrate residue measurements

  10. Manure management and treatment

  11. Manure management • Storage: • Extended obligations for minimum storage capacity • Transport: • stricter regulations • Application: • Longer closed period and strict application manner • Processing: • Revised manure processing obligation

  12. Manure storage Obligation for minimum storage capacity • Minimum 9 months for pigs (in 2011) • For cattle and poultry: • Minimum 6 months for liquid manure • Minimum 3 months for solid manure • Minimum 6 months for disposed fertiliser solution from substrate horticulture

  13. Manure transport • General rule: • All manure must be transported: • by transporters licensed by the manure bank • with manure disposal documents • Exceptions: • Transport of own manure to own land • Neighbour regulation (only in the same municipality or between neighbouring municipalities) • Export

  14. jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov 16 16 14 31 14 animal manure, organic fertilisers, mineral fertilisers animal manure in polders (heavy clay soils) farm yard manure, spent mushroom compost Specific organic fertilisers and treated animal manure With low N-content or slow N-release PERIOD OF MANURE SPREADING dec • Prohibition of spreading: • on Sundays or public holidays (except mineral fertilisers) • before sunrise and after sunset • on water-saturated, flooded, frozen or snow-covered ground • within 5 m of watercourses (10 m in regions of the Flemish Ecological Network and on slopes)

  15. APPLICATION MANNER

  16. Manure processing Raw manure (liquid) 1 Digestate • Co-digestion 2 • Drying Raw manure (solid) • Separating Liquid fraction Solid fraction 3 4 • Bio-thermal drying • Composting • Thermal drying • Liming • Incineration • Biological treatment • Physical chemistry • Electrolysis • Evaporation • Filtration • Constructed wetlands

  17. Manure processing 1 Liquid manure digestate 2

  18. Manure processing Solid fraction 3 4 Liquid fraction

  19. Manure processing 2006: processing + export:13,3 million kg N and 11,3 million kg P205

  20. Management costs (for manure management)

  21. Management costs TRANSPORT and SPREADING: Average cost 2008 (in function of % dry matter, distance and period): Cattle farms: Between 10 and 15 euro/ton raw manure Pig farms: Between 10 and 20 euro/ton raw manure Poultry farms: Average of 20 euro/ton raw manure

  22. Management costs TRANSPORT + PROCESSING/EXPORT: Average cost 2008 (in function of % dry matter, distance and period): Poultry farms: Between 10 and 15 euro/ton raw manure Pig farms: Between 20 and 25 euro/ton raw manure

  23. Role of the authorities and agencies(Manure Bank)

  24. Role of authorities Regional approach of management of livestock waste Belgium: • Federal state with 3 regions • Under Regional Authority: • Environment • Agriculture

  25. Environment authority Minister of environment Environment and Nature Council of Flanders (Minaraad) Policy Council VMM Flemish Environmental Agency VLM Flemish Land Agency Department of Environment, Nature and Energy OVAM Public Waste Agency of Flanders Manure Bank …. Land development VEA Flemish Energy Agency Rural development ANB Agency for Nature and Forest VREG Flemish Regulation Entity for the Electricity and Gas Market INB Research Institute for Nature and Forest ….

  26. Organisation of the Manure Bank • 1 central administration: • Policy preparation • Steering the provincial divisions • 5 provincial executive divisions • Employment: • Total active employees : 200 (including 41 inspectors)

  27. Role of the Manure Bank • Policy support • Data registration: • Manure production (registration of livestock units and feed use) • Agricultural land (parcels) • Use of fertilizers • Manure storage en stocks • Manure transport • Manure processing (obligation to process) • Limiting livestock production (nutrient emission rights) • Nitrate residue measurements • Sensitizing (advising) • Enforcement (control) • Fines

  28. Inventory of animal production and parcels • Annual declaration obligation for all farmers with: • > 2 ha agricultural land • Livestock production > 300 kg P2O5 • > 50 are growth medium (horticulture) • Inventoryper farmer : livestock units, feed use, use of fertilizers, manure stock and agricultural land • Manure bank informs each farmer about: • Maximum application standards for the current year in function of crop and vulnerable zone (kg N and P2O5) • Maximum application standards for next year according to the vulnerable zone (different application standard per crop group)

  29. Parcel registration • Entire Flanders is vulnerable zone water (max. 170 kg animal N) • Extra Flemisch vulnerable zones(Nature, Phosphate saturated area, Groundwater) Phosphate saturated parcels:less phosphate use (max 40 kg/ha)

  30. Application standards • Application standards for: • Total N (maximum 350 kg N/ha for grassland) • N from animal manure (170 N/ha) • N from mineral fertilisers • N from other organic fertilisers • Total P2O5 • P2O5 from mineral fertilisers prohibited (with exceptions)

  31. Application standards • Derogation since 2007 for: • Derogation manure: • All manure from grazing livestock (Cattle, except fattening calves; Sheep; Goats; Horses); • Liquid fraction after separation of pig manure (under strict conditions) • Derogation crops: • N animal manure 250 kg/ha: Grassland; One cut of grass followed by maize in the same growing season; • N animal manure 200 hg/ha: Winter wheat followed by a non N-fixing catch crop; Sugar beets and Fodder beets

  32. Transport inventory – Manure Transport Internet Office (MTIL) • MTIL reports automatically transports online via internet to the manure databank • MTIL checks online some basic criteria (no administrative errors) • Only if MTIL gives approval, a manure disposal document can be printed • MTIL is used by 1240 official recognized transporters • In 2007 8 million ton manure and other organic fertilisers are reported by MTIL

  33. Transport inventory Data validation transport – GPS system • Phased implementation: • Obligation for big transporters since November 2006 • Obligation for smaller transporters since November 2007 • Control of: • Correct locations (conform document data + control on the field) • Tracking transporting routes • Check on volumes by identification of trucks and trailers

  34. Transport inventory Data validation transport – GPS system Server 1: central server managed by an extern “GPS-service centre” Server 2: central server managed by the Manure Bank

  35. Inventory of the manure processing Manure processing obligation: • The amount of manure N that has to be processed depends on: • the net manure-N surplus of an individual farm • the location of the farm (manure pressure of the municipality) • Manure processing obligation = % of net manure-N surplus • 10% in municipalities with < 170 kg N/ha • 20% in municipalities with 170-340 kg N/ha • 30% in municipalities with > 340 kg N/ha + 0,6% per 1000 kg N of manure-N surplus of the farm • Manure is only considered to be ‘processed’ if the product is exported outside of Flanders

  36. Inventory of the manure processing Manure processing certificates (MPC’s): • Manure Bank grants MPC’s for processed en exported animal manure • MCP’s are tradable • Manure processing obligation is proven with MCP’s

  37. Future prospects

  38. Future prospects To improve the water quality we will focus on: • Advising and coaching of farmers: • Individual approach (audits, sensitising) • Further implementation of code of good agricultural practice • Further development of correct fertilisation on parcel level • Further development of use of soil and manure samples • More follow-up: • Nitrate residue measurements • AGR-GPS for greater group of transporters • Stricter enforcement (more cooperation with police forces) • Administrative fines which doubles in case of recidivism

  39. Thank you for your attention

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