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Value-added from Hedge Funds. PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT NECESSARILY INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1. Mixing Asset Allocation Techniques for Alternative Investments
Mark S. Rzepczynski
President & CIO
2. Value-added from Hedge Funds
3. Frontiers Sensitive to Environment Returns and volatility not stable
Distributional biases
The case of collapsing frontier
Volatility shocks correlations increase
Price declines correlations increase
4. Optimizer Misses Unique Factors Hedge fund data issues
Style differences
Distributional differences
Conditional events
Non-linear pay-offs
5. Hedge Funds have Data Problems Survivorship bias
Errors in variables
Sampling problem
Non-linear behavior
6. Convergent vs. Divergent Styles Convergent styles
World knowable
Stable world
Mean-reverting
Short volatility
Arbitrage-based Divergent styles
World uncertain
Unstable world
Mean-fleeing
Long volatility
Trend-following
7. Non-normal Problem Significant Skew effects distribution
Sharpe ratios distorted
Optimizer will have biases
8. Conditional Events Important Alternative exposure serves as protection
Style allocation is conditional on events
Hence, mix will change with event view
9. Non-linear Pay-offs Present Dynamic styles have flexible betas
Managed futures as look-back straddles
Merger arbitrage as short puts
Market neutral as short volatility strategy
10. What are Possible Solutions? New estimation techniques
Constraint-based solutions
State dependency allocations
Inclusion of preference analysis
11. Estimation Technique Solutions Historical analysis has limits
Alternative techniques
Long-run (global) mean analysis
Shrinkage estimators
Bayesian estimators
12. Constraints Improve Allocations Eliminate concentration issue
Impose style diversification
Account for qualitative judgment
13. State Dependency Adds Value Allow for current environment
Extreme correlation issue
Styles match with state of the world
The case for managed futures
The case for merger arbitrage
14. Preference Disclosure Issues Risk aversion should account for skew
Downside protection accounts for regret
Time horizon provides perspective
15. “Characteristics vs. Covariances?” Quantitative approach has limits
Data sensitivity problems
Qualitative approach gives unique insight
Style analysis finds opportunities
Combination approach adds value
16. References Brooks, Chris and Harry Kat, “The Statistical Properties of Hedge Fund Index Returns and Their Implications for Investors” ISMA Working Paper October 2001.
Clarke, Roger and Harindra de Silva, “State-Dependent Asset Allocation” Journal of Portfolio Management Winter 1998 (Vol. 24, No. 2) pp. 57-64.
Daniel, Kent and Sheridan Titman “Characteristics or Covariances” Journal of Portfolio Management Summer 1998 (Vol. 24, No.4) pp. 24-33
Edwards, Franklin and Mustafa Onur Caglayan, Hedge Fund and Commodity Fund Investments in Bull and Bear Markets”, Journal of Portfolio Management Summer 2001 (Vol. 27, No. 4) pp. 71-82.
Eichhorn, David, Francis Gupta, and Eric Stubbs, “Using Constraints to Improve the Robustness of Asset Allocation” Journal of Portfolio Management Spring 1998 (Vol. 24, No. 3) pp. 41-48.
Larsen Glen and Bruce Resnick, “ Parameter Estimation Techniques, Optimization frequency, and Portfolio Return Enhancements” Journal of Portfolio Management Summer 2001 (Vol. 27, No. 4) pp. 27-34.
Lo, Andrew “The Three P’s of Total Risk Management” Financial Analysts Journal Jan/Feb 1999 (Vol. 55, No.1) pp. 13-26.
Lo, Andrew “Risk Management for Hedge Funds: Introduction and Overview” Financial Analysts Journal Nov/Dec 2001 (Vol. 57, No 6) pp. 16-33.
Leland, Hayne, “Beyond Mean-Variance: Performance Measurement in a Nonsymmetrical World” Jan/Feb 1999 (Vol. 55, No.1) pp. 27-36.
Rzepczynski Mark S. “Market Vision and Investment Styles: Convergent Versus Divergent Trading” Journal of Alternative Investments Winter 1999 (Vol. 2, No. 3) pp. 77-82.
Rzepczynski Mark S. and Franklin Neubauer “Adding Hedge Funds to a Traditional Asset Portfolio:What Can We Learn?” Alternative Investment Management Association Newsletter September 2001 No. 48 pp. 33-34.
17. Notes
18. Notes