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S522 Lecture 3. February 10 The thematic approach; finding themes and developing categories. Pattern recognition Openness and flexibility Planning, systems thinking Creating a usable system Tacit knowledge [cultural knowledge].
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S522 Lecture 3 February 10 The thematic approach; finding themes and developing categories
Pattern recognition • Openness and flexibility • Planning, systems thinking • Creating a usable system • Tacit knowledge [cultural knowledge]
“Good practice” in qualitative research requires the systematic and clear presentation of analyses which are demonstrably grounded in the data and which pay attention to reflexivity issuesWillig p. 144
Henwood & Pidgeon (1992) WHAT CONSTITUTES ‘GOOD’ QUALITATIVE RESEARCH (from Willig p 142) • The importance of ‘fit’ • Integration of theory • Reflexivity • Documentation • Theoretical sampling and negative case analysis • Sensitivity to negotiated realities • Transferablity
Validation comes to depend on the quality of craftsmanship in an investigation, which includes continually checking, questioning, and theoretically interpreting the findings. In a craftsmanship approach to validation, the emphasis is moved from inspection at the end of the production line to quality control throughout the stages of knowledge production.Kvale, 1995
Boyatzis, p 11 Four stages • Sensing themes - recognising the ‘codable moment’ • Doing it reliably - encoding consistently • Developing codes • Interpreting the information and themes in the context of a theory or conceptual framework
Potential Problems: • Projection • Sampling • Mood and style [flexibility, tolerance of ambiguity]
Boyatzis: a Useful code • A label • A definition of what the theme concerns • A description of how to know when the theme occurs • A description of any qualifications or exclusion • Examples, both negative and positive.
Theory-driven codes • Codes deriving from prior research [Both etic] • Data-driven codes [emic]
Boyatzis; developing themes and a code • 1. Reducing the raw information • 2. Identifying themes within samples • 3. Comparing themes across subsamples • 4. Creating a code • 5. Determining the reliability or consistency of judgment among coders.
Memo-writing “Memos chart, record and detail…. We start by writing about our codes and data and move upward to theoretical categories and keep writing memos throughout the research process. Memo-writing prompts you to analyse your data and codes early in the research process”