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Pigs Rule!. Evaluating an Argument Power, Corruption and Language Title credit: Dr. K. Rowlands, CSUN Material adapted from Holt Literature & Language Arts, Fourth Course. Introduction. Discuss Lord Acton’s view: power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely.
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Pigs Rule! Evaluating an Argument Power, Corruption and Language Title credit: Dr. K. Rowlands, CSUN Material adapted from Holt Literature & Language Arts, Fourth Course Animal Farm
Introduction • Discuss Lord Acton’s view: power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely. • Language has connotative and denotative meaning. • Language may be used to persuade and control. • Determining the credibility of an argument is an important skill. Animal Farm
State a Claim or Opinion • The major thrust or idea of the author. • Often the claim is stated in the form of a generalization, a broad statement that covers many situations. Animal Farm
Supporting the Claim • Logical appeals- convincing reasons and evidence. • Emotional appeals- appeals to the heart rather than to the intellect. • Ethical appeals- appeals to one’s sense of right and wrong. Animal Farm
Logical Appeals • Facts • Statistics • Examples • Quotations or expert opinion Animal Farm
Emotional Appeals • Loaded words, emotional connotations • Anecdotes, brief stories or personal accounts of an event Animal Farm
Ethical Appeals • Appeal to one’s sense of right and wrong. • Are they credible? What is their motive? Animal Farm
How Comprehensive Is the Support? • The author or speaker must provide sufficient evidence to back up generalizations. • If the argument is filled with emotional appeals but no relevant evidence, it is possible that no evidence exists to support the claim. Animal Farm
Author’s Intent or Purpose • Does the author present a reasoned, objective argument? • Does the author have a biased interest in the topic? Animal Farm
Tone • The author’s intent affects tone. • Tone filled with anger may indicate an argument based on more emotion than evidence. Animal Farm
Practice! Analyze a Speech for Appeals to Logic, Emotion and Ethics • List all the appeals in Chief Tecumseh’s address to General William Henry Harrison Reading by Arthur S. Junaluska Artist Unknown Animal Farm