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Impact of Advisor Personality on Client Quit Rates in Stop Smoking Services

This study explores the association between advisor personality traits and client quit rates in English Stop Smoking Services. Results suggest a positive correlation between advisor extraversion and client smoking cessation at four weeks. Suggestions for practical implications and further research are discussed.

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Impact of Advisor Personality on Client Quit Rates in Stop Smoking Services

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  1. Associations between Advisor Personality and Client Quit Rates in Stop Smoking Services Heather Gainforth1; Sarita Aujla1, Emma Beard1, Emma Croghan2, Robert West1 1University College London 2North51

  2. Conflict of Interest Heather Gainforth • None to declare SaritaAujla • None to declare Emma Beard • Unrestricted research funding from Pfizer Emma Croghan • Employed by North51 Robert West • Travel funds and hospitality from, and undertaken research and consultancy for, pharmaceutical companies that and manufacture and/or research products aimed at helping smokers to stop

  3. English Stop Smoking Services (SSS) (NICE, PH10, 2008; Department of Health, Smoking Kills:, 1998, West, NCSCT Briefing, 2012) • 1999: NHS establishes the first national network of Stop Smoking Services (SSS) • Services offer: • Free evidence-based behavioral and pharmacological support to those motivated to quit • Six weekly group or one-to-one meetings • Trained practitioners • 600,000 sought treatment • 4x more likely quit using the SSS than unaided

  4. Variation in SSS Success Rates (Date range: 2010-2011; NHS Information Service, 2011) Four-week CO-validated quit rates range: 3 – 57%.

  5. Advisor Personality • Advisor personality may be one factor that explains this variation • Personality: ‘a consistent and enduring way of thinking, feeling and behaving that characterises an individual’ • Measured using the FFM Model: • Openness-to-experience • Conscientiousness • Extraversion • Agreeableness • Neuroticism (Carver & Scheier, Perspectives on Personality, 2000)

  6. Advisor Personality & Smoking Cessation • Relationship not examined to date • Other domains: • Agreeableness • Neurotocism • Conscientousness • Extraversion • Openness-to-experience (Lafferty et al., J Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 1989; Martlett, ProQuest, 2008; Miller et al., J Consulting & Clinical Psychology,1980; Najavits et al., Psychotherapy, 1994; Valle et al., J Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 1981)

  7. Purpose Determine if stop smoking advisors’ self-assessed personality scores were associated with clients’ four-week CO-verified quit status.

  8. Design and Procedure • Data were collected from: Clients n = 1,958 treatment episodes 54% female Mage = 42.12 years ± 15.86 Advisors n = 19 79% female Mage = 48.86 ± 10.33years

  9. Measures • Confounding factors • Client Characteristics • Age (years) • Sex (male/female) • Ethnicity (White/non-White) • Medication use (yes/no) • Social grade (low/medium/high) • Practitioner Characteristics • Age (years) • Sex (male/female) • Experience as a stop smoking practitioner (years)

  10. Measures • Predictor Variable: SSS Advisor Personality • Measured using the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) • Completed by advisors (self-assessed) • Outcome Variable: Client Quit Status • CO-validated quit status at 4 weeks • Clients that did not attend the 4-week follow-up were assumed to still be smoking (Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann Jr, J Research in Personality, 2003)

  11. Analysis • Personality scores calculated for each of the FFM personality dimensions for each advisor • i.e. openness-to-experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, neuroticism • Multi-level random intercept model with a random effect for the advisors to account for clustering • R version 2.3.1 and the glmer() function in the lme4 package • Confounding variable: practitioner and client characteristics • Predictor variable: advisor personality • Outcome variable: client CO-verified four-week quit status

  12. Results (Note: ***p<0.001; **p<0.01; *p<0.05)

  13. Results (Note: ***p<0.001; **p<0.01; *p<0.05)

  14. Discussion • Stop smoking advisor extraversion was positively associated with clients’ being abstinent from smoking at four weeks. • A low introversion score (i.e. reserved, quiet) is associated with client abstinence from smoking at four weeks.

  15. Implications for Smoking Cessation • Adviser training • Train introverted practitioners to overcome their quiet and reserved manner • Replication and further research needed • Mechanism by which the extraversion dimension affects the advisor-client interaction: • Confidence when engaging with client? • Application of evidence-based behaviour change techniques?

  16. Limitations • TIPI is only brief measure of personality • Only included data from 19 practitioners who provided one-to-one support in two English SSSs • Clients who did not attend the four-week follow-up were still assumed to be smoking

  17. THANK YOU Questions? heathergainforth@gmail.com @hgainforth Funding:

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