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PASS Content Standard 1.1

PASS Content Standard 1.1. Matter is made up of minute particles called atoms, and atoms are composed of even smaller components (i.e. protons neutrons and electrons). What is matter?. Inertia - 7 min. Inertia. Matter is anything that has inertia. Inertia. The resistance of

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PASS Content Standard 1.1

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  1. PASS Content Standard 1.1 Matter is made up of minute particles called atoms, and atoms are composed of even smaller components (i.e. protons neutrons and electrons).

  2. What is matter?

  3. Inertia - 7 min

  4. Inertia Matter is anything that has inertia.

  5. Inertia The resistance of an object to a change in motion.

  6. Inertia If an object is at rest, a force is needed to make it move.

  7. Inertia If an object is moving, a force is needed to slow it.

  8. Matter is made of Atoms Atoms are so small that, even today, direct visual inspection is all but impossible.

  9. Matter is made of Atoms Our model of the atom changes as our experimental ability improves.

  10. History of the Atomic Theory

  11. Democritus Greek philosopher around the year 400 BC.

  12. Democritus Proposed that matter could not be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever.

  13. Democritus Used the word atomos to describe the smallest possible piece of matter.

  14. John Dalton An English chemist who proposed the first atomic theory in 1803.

  15. 4 Points of Dalton's Theory All elements are composed of indivisible particles.

  16. 4 Points of Dalton's Theory 2. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike.

  17. 4 Points of Dalton's Theory 3. Atoms of different elements are different.

  18. 4 Points of Dalton's Theory 4. Compounds are formed by joining two or more elements.

  19. 4 Points of Dalton's Theory Only one of his points was incorrect - which one?

  20. All elements are composed of indivisible particles. 2. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike. 3. Atoms of different elements are different. 4. Compounds are formed by joining two or more elements.

  21. All elements are composed of indivisible particles. 2. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike. 3. Atoms of different elements are different. 4. Compounds are formed by joining two or more elements.

  22. J. J. Thomson The English scientist who discovered electrons in 1897.

  23. J. J. Thomson Sometimes called the "plum pudding" model.

  24. J. J. Thomson Thomson thought of an atom as being composed of positively charged material with the negatively charged electrons scattered through it.

  25. Ernest Rutherford The British physicist who discovered the nucleus in 1908.

  26. Ernest Rutherford Rutherford proposed an atom that is mostly empty space.

  27. Ernest Rutherford There is a small, positive nucleus with negative electrons scattered around the outside edge.

  28. Niels Bohr The Danish scientist who proposed the Planetary Model in 1913.

  29. Niels Bohr Electrons move in definite orbits around the nucleus, like planets moving around the Sun.

  30. Bohr Model - 5 min

  31. The Bohr Atom Can you identify the element represented here?

  32. The Bohr Atom Neon

  33. Sir James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1935

  34. Since 1935, many physicists have contributed to the development of "Quantum Mechanics"

  35. Quantum mechanics - 3 min

  36. Particles

  37. Quarks were "invented" by Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig at Caltech in 1964.

  38. The idea of quarks was not taken seriously at first. But experiments in the 1970s began to provide evidence supporting their existence.

  39. The quark model is the best theory we have today to describe the structure of atoms and molecules.

  40. Quarks have "flavors" and "charges" Up Down Charm Strange Top Bottom +2/3 -1/3 +2/3 -1/3 +2/3 -1/3

  41. Quark Mass Quarks are so small that they could probably travel through a mile and a half of lead without hitting another particle.

  42. Quark Confinement Quarks cannot exist by themselves. Quarks must be bound to other quarks by the exchange of gluons.

  43. Leptons "Lightweight" particles not composed of quarks. Electrons are leptons with a mass of 9.1 X 10-31 kilograms.

  44. Baryons "Heavy" particles composed of 3 quarks. Protons are baryons composed of 2 Up quarks and 1 Down quark. Protons have a mass of 1.67 X 10-27 kilograms.

  45. Baryons "Heavy" particles composed of 3 quarks. Neutrons are baryons composed of 2 Down quarks and 1 Up quark. Neutrons have a mass of 1.67 X 10-27 kilograms.

  46. Bosons Bosons are "force" carriers. It is the exchange of these particles between fundamental particles that allows the formation of more massive particles.

  47. Bosons Photon - electromagnetic force Gluon - strong nuclear force W+, W-, and Zo - weak nuclear force Graviton - gravity The graviton is the only force-carrying particle that has not been observed, either directly or indirectly.

  48. Antiparticles Antiparticles have exactly the same mass but opposite charges. Leptons and quarks have anti-particles. Bosons do not have anti-particles.

  49. Today's atomic model explains the structure of atoms using: 6 types of quarks 6 types of leptons 4 types of force carriers

  50. Basic Subatomic Particles Electrons have a negative charge and are found in energy levels outside the nucleus. Protons have a positive charge and are found in the nucleus. Neutrons do not have a charge and are found in the nucleus.

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