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Satellite Motion

Satellite Motion . Curvature of Earth. The Earth’s surface drops 5 vertical meters for every 8000 meters tangent to its surface. 8000 meters. 5 meters. 8000 meters. 5 meters. How fast does an object need to go to become an Earth satellite?. How far does an object fall in 1 second? 5m

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Satellite Motion

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  1. Satellite Motion

  2. Curvature of Earth The Earth’s surface drops 5 vertical meters for every 8000 meters tangent to its surface 8000 meters 5 meters 8000 meters 5 meters

  3. How fast does an object need to go to become an Earth satellite? • How far does an object fall in 1 second? • 5m • How far along the horizon must you go for the Earth to curve 5m down? • 8000m 8km/s for orbital speed close to Earth!

  4. Circular Orbit • Does the force of gravity affect the speed of a bowling ball down an alley? • Nope! • Similarly, the force of gravity of the Earth does not affect the speed of a satellite in circular orbit. • Why? • 90 degrees between force and direction of motion…No Work! The period for a satellite in low-Earth orbit is about 90 minutes.

  5. At which position does the satellite have its greatest speed? Why? Same speed Everywhere along path! C B D A close Earth satellite has a period of about 90 minutes. A

  6. Kepler’s 1st Law of Planetary Motion Johannes Kepler • What if an object above the atmosphere has a horizontal speed of more than 8km/s? • Its path is that of an ellipse instead a circle. • Most satellites actually have elliptical paths! • Speed varies in elliptical orbit

  7. Ellipse • Foci- Where the main body of an orbiting pair lies

  8. At which position does the satellite have its greatest speed? Why? Lowest Speed C D B Greatest Speed A

  9. Kepler’s 2nd Law of Planetary Motion Slower when far away Apogee- when satellite is at farthest position Equal areas swept out over same amounts of time time! Perigee- when object is at closest position Faster closer to other source of gravity

  10. Energy Conservation and Satellite Motion The sum of potential and kinetic energies of a satellite remains constant

  11. KE+PE KE+PE KE+PE KE+PE KE+PE KE+PE KE+PE KE+PE

  12. “What goes up must come down”or does it???

  13. Escape Velocity • The speed necessary to put a payload infinitely far from Earth. • 11.2 km/s horizontally or about 25,000 mph

  14. Bonus • List all the planets in our solar system from lowest escape velocity to highest and explain how you did it.

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