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Warm Up:. What do you think of when you hear, “the Renaissance”?. III. Literature, Learning and the Renaissance. Renaissance – “Rebirth” A. Universities and Learning Revival of ancient Greek and Roman learning in Latin Europe - Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle
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Warm Up: What do you think of when you hear, “the Renaissance”?
III. Literature, Learning and the Renaissance • Renaissance – “Rebirth” A. Universities and Learning • Revival of ancient Greek and Roman learning in Latin Europe - Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle • Greek works on medicine, math, geography • Began in Italy in the 1450’s
III. Literature, Learning and the Renaissance B. Humanists and Printers • Humanism– study of the “classics” • Grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history and ethics • Study of Greek and Latin languages • Taught at European universities • Humanist looked to ancient Greece and Rome for inspiration
III. Literature, Learning and the Renaissance • Printing press- mechanical device that pressed inked type onto sheets of paper • Moveable pieces of type (individual letters) • Ink suitable for printing on paper - perfected by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz
Effects of Printing Press Effects of Printing Press • New ideas spread faster • Books can reach wider audiences • Bible translated into vernacular - Lessoned the dependence on the clergy - people could consult, interpret the Bible for themselves. • Broke churches monopoly on religious information
III. Literature, Learning and the Renaissance C. Renaissance Artists Characteristics: • Naturalism • Classicism • Individualism
1. Naturalism • Depict nature in a realistic manner • Based on careful observation - anatomy • Vitruvian Man • Leonardo daVinci • 1492
2. Classicism • Greco-Roman influence. • Secularism – non religious. • Humanist • Symmetry/Balance The “Classical Pose”Medici “Venus” (1c)
3. Emphasis on Individualism • Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino • Pierodella Francesca, 1465-1466.
3. Emphasis on Individualism • Expulsion fromthe Garden • Masaccio • 1427 • First nudes sinceclassical times.
III. Literature, Learning and the Renaissance Techniques: • Perspective • Oil painting • Fresco • Free standing statues • Domes
1. Perspective • The Trinity • Masaccio • 1427 Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear perspective! What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.
One Point Perspective Betrothal of the Virgin Raphael 1504
1. Perspective Sfumato Chiaroscuro
2. Oil Painting • Mona Lisa • Leonardo da Vinci • 1516
3. Fresco • The Last Supper • Leonardo da Vinci • 1498
4. Free Standing Statues • David by Donatello • 1430 • First free-form bronze since Roman times!
4. Free Standing Statues • The Pieta • Michelangelo • 1499 • marble
4. Free Standing Statues • David • Michelangelo • 1504 • Marble
5. Domes St. Peter’s -Rome Il Duomo- Florence