Outcome of GCARD and implications for the AARINENA region:

1. Outcome of GCARD and implications for the AARINENA region: Transforming Agricultural Research for Development The Global Forum on Agricultural Research Secretariat

2. GCARD: The Context and Challenges • One in six of the world’s population go hungry“a moral outrage that must be abolished” (Ismael Serageldin) • Agricultural research investment via aid has declined around the world, yet returns are clear, the incubation period 30 – 50 years • Smallholder farmers and women are last to benefit from research • Over 2 billion more people by 2050, 30% more food required, 70% of people will be in cities; food demands changing • The poor are increasingly marginalised; South Asia home to 50% of world’s undernourished children; poverty is already concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia • Increasing climate vulnerability and market volatility • Fast changing land use and diminishing soil, water and biodiversity resource • Most developing countries off-track meeting the MDGs, especially MDG1 – halving hunger and poverty by 2015

3. Source: FAO, 2009

4. Smallholder farming • 500 million smallholder farms worldwide supporting around 2 billion people. They: • Farm 80% of the farmland in Asia and Africa. • Produce 80% of the food consumed in the developing world • Feed 1/3 of the global population. • Women are increasingly the farmers of the developing world, producing between 45% and 80% of household food. R. Cooke

5. Potential for increasing agricultural productivity Annual total factor productivity growth, 1992-2003 Source: von Braun et al. 2008.

6. The GCARD Process Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Previous Regional Research Needs Assessments WDR 2008 IAASTD PRSPs Regional Reviews E-Consultations Face to Face Workshops Regional Recommendations CGIAR Results and Strategic Framework GCARD Conference GCARD Report on Transformation of ARD Systems CGIAR Consortium Programs Draft Action Plan and Road Map GCARD Synthesis Report and Proceedings Roadmap

7. GCARD: a groundbreaking process of learning and change among all actors Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Active GCARD Task Force Global & regional reviews & actions Consultations & learning GCARD Conference Event

8. GCARD – Not just a standard Conference • Truly a Global Process, Regional actions and national ownership emphasized • Collective action, but differentiated accountability • Over 800 invited participants from all sectors • Participants rated the Conference as highly successful, median score of 8/10

9. GCARD – AR4D seeks radical change to increase food security while: • Abolishing rural poverty • Meeting societal needs • Sustainably managing environmental resources Current agricultural research systems are fragmented, incoherent and unable to deliver to the required scale of development impacts

10. Factors determining rural poverty

11. Markets Knowledge Flow Processes & Networks Policy GCARD: agricultural research centred on meeting development needs of the poor

12. GCARD: Knowledge is essential for development, but development requires more than knowledge Desired development outcome Policies promoting agricultural development & innovation

13. Collective research actions towards development outcomes GCARD – Broadly common themes across all, but specifics determined by sovereign national priorities and commitments • All themes involve trade-offs and synergies • Need to revisit ‘fit’ of research in national development frameworks Outcome based planning of collective AR4D requires common objectives, defined by national development policies & frameworks, e.g.: • National agricultural frameworks & FAO-CFS, GAFSP • Regional frameworks e.g. CAADP • GFAR-GPPs – partnerships for action • CGIAR-SRF

14. Two interlinked approaches of AR4D: • Collective research and knowledge sharing actions on key outcome-focused themes • Transformation and strengthening of agricultural innovation systems of developing countries

15. Why A Roadmap? • A Plan setting out a way forwards for all. • Identifies how all stakeholders can play their respective roles and commit themselves to action in improving AR4D: • A consensus on systematic needs of common international importance and the solutions required to satisfy those needs; • A mechanism to look forward; • A framework to help plan and coordinate actions

16. Effective AR4D Systems commit to action for impact and: Inclusively define key research priorities and actions, driven by evolving national, regional and global development objectives and shaped by science and society to meet our future needs; Invest in ensuring equitable partnership and accountability among all stakeholders, addressing research in the context of agricultural innovation and developmental change;

17. Key system characteristics required... • Actively achieves increased investments in human, institutional and financial resources; • Develops required institutional capacities for generation, access and effective use of agricultural knowledge in development;

18. Key system characteristics required... • Effectively coordinate operational linkages relating research to development programmes and policies; • Demonstrate their value and gain recognition by society through involvement of stakeholders in effective monitoring, evaluation and reporting of outcomes.

19. Road Map Plan to Transform ARD Systems Advocacy, Policy Support, Capacity Development, Collaborative Mechanisms Revamping Old Institutions and Building New Institutions, Extension, NARIS to NARS and Innovation Systems etc How? What? GFAR, NARS Donors, FGE CGIAR, NGOs Increased, improved and targeted investment in Agricultural development, research and Innovation Who? Transformed, Inclusive ARD Systems, related Institutions and Processes that contribute to development, especially of resource poor small holder farmers Farmer Orgs. ARIs, Governments Private Sector Scientific Associations Greater, Effective Collaboration and Partnerships in ARD globally Sharing of agriculture related information, knowledge, skills and technology increased and embedded in development process Effective application and use of Science and Technology to meet current and emerging challenges in Agricultural Development When (Sequence and Time)?

20. Reorientation of AR4D • Clients: small farm holders, poor producers, poor consumers, women in agriculture • Primary production level: • Sustainable intensification • Agro-ecosystem framework – resource-poor farmer realities • Integrated natural resource management • Risk management: adaptation and mitigation • Holistic: food supplychain (input sector  primary production  post-harvest/processing/marketing  markets • Cross-cutting and coordinated: knowledge based, socio-economic and policy research, capacity building, participatory

21. VALUE CHAIN APPROACH: Input industry Consumers Primary Producers Food retail industry Food process industry Research Extension service

22. Options for rural smallholders Improve basic foods and staples • Cash crops: a role for promising under-utilised crops • I • Integrate livestock to match rising demand • Develop private Agro-processing & marketing

23. Developing countries have a major gap to fill Researchers per million people UNESCO 2004

24. Shaping the new CGIAR Need to refine core strategy and address fit with ‘the 96%’: • Role of CRPs in relation to national and regional policies, programmes & commitments – who owns the outcomes? • CGIAR’s role and positioning and expected partnership behaviour vis-à-vis other national, regional & international actors, • Shared responsibilities for outcomes need defining • How SRF can foster change beyond the CGIAR? • Regional Fora engagement of innovation partners in national systems around key themes • SRF currently being refined – INPUT REQUIRED

25. Evolution of Advisory Services • Roles -Building capacities, managing risk, improving market access, sustainable NRM, empowering people • New opportunities/risks – changes in market and food systems, climate change, price volatility • Partnerships- demand-driven, market led, locally adapted to farmer-private sector-research (NARES)-NGO-Govt. interactions • ICTs - Massive impact on information access and its transformation into goods and services

26. Changing the rules • Adaptive science is not a lesser science; agriculture embeds science in society & environment • Better integrate education, research and extension and recognize the new architecture internationally (eg FGEs) and nationally (e.g. private sector) • ‘Publish or perish’ is not the only relevant value system • Reassess value & rewards placed on forms and types of innovation that more directly benefit the poor • Rethink research questions through the eyes of a small farmer • Examine value of research to a country’s development and the returns from different forms of research investment

27. Making the case for agricultural investment • 1% p.a. increase in agriculture growth, on average leads to a 2.7% increase in income of the lowest 3 income deciles in developing countries (WDR 2007) • Agriculture is 2.5 to 3 times more effective in increasing income of the poor than is non-agriculture investment (WDR 2007) • Agriculture growth, as opposed to growth in general, is typically found to be the primary source of poverty reduction (IFPRI, 2007) • Agricultural growth the pre-cursor to overall economic growth: Europe and North America (in the early part of the 20th century), then Japan and more recently in China, India, and Vietnam

28. National commitment to change is essential Aggressive advocacy for increased AR4D funding is needed • Government to provide at least 1% of total agricultural GDP for AR4D • Agriculture research investments to be doubled • Increased capital investment through public-private-partnership • Government financial commitments are essential, supported by mobilizing ODA • Requires effective M&E and documenting of successes

29. GFAR – the multistakeholder catalyst for: • Advocacy for change: Strengthen the voice and demand of society for agricultural innovation to address key development issues • Institutions for the Future: Transform agricultural research, extension and education institutions and systems to better meet development needs • Inter-regional learning: Equitable partnerships catalysing rapid and efficient change through collective actions • Knowledge for All: Empower change by overcoming the barriers to knowledge flow and use G8 Statement on Food Security 2009: “We support the fundamental reform processes underway in the global agricultural research system through the Global Forum on Agricultural Research"

30. Breaking down the walls • Outcome-centred, not technology-centred thinking • Innovative knowledge access & transformation systems • Stakeholders learning & innovating together, managing benefits & risks • Institutional reorientation & changed attitudes/values • Convergence of policies and resources joedale.typepad

31. Over to You • You have tremendous capability to transform AR4D in the WANA region • GFAR provides the open, inclusive Mechanism to enable this transformation and GCARD the Process • Together we can bring real change...

32. Thank You www.egfar.org