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Understanding Energy: Types, Transformations, and Conservation

Learn about the different types of energy, such as kinetic and potential energy, and how energy transformations occur. Discover the law of conservation of energy and examples of energy conversions.

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Understanding Energy: Types, Transformations, and Conservation

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  1. Energy Ability to do work or cause change SI Unit : Joule

  2. Work – measure of energy that is transferred from one system to another. - occurs when a force causes an object to move

  3. Pg. 115 Interactive

  4. TME = total mechanical energy

  5. B. Mechanical Energy Sum of the potential and kinetic energy ME = PE + KE

  6. Energy has 2 main types1) Kinetic Energy2) Potential Energy

  7. Kinetic Energy Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. KE = 1/2 mv2 E = energy (Joules)m = mass (kilograms)v = speed (meters/sec.) Marion Jones Sprints t o Victory in the 200 meter.

  8. Kinetic Energy equation KE = ½ mv2 KE = ½ mass x velocity2 Units: kg(m/s)2 or Joule (J)

  9. Kinetic Energy The kinetic energy of an object depends on its speed and mass.

  10. Kinetic and Potential Energy have many forms

  11. Mechanical/Motion Energy - Energy associated with motion

  12. Examples of Mechanical/Motion Energy Person running Car moving Football being thrown

  13. 2. Thermal Energy (Heat) - Total energy of the particles in an object

  14. Examples: Fire, oven, hot glue gun

  15. 3. Electrical energy - Energy of moving electrons

  16. Example : electric outlet

  17. 4. Radiant or Electromagnetic (Light) energy Energy that travels in transverse waves

  18. Examples: lightbulb, microwave

  19. 5. Sound energy- Travels in longitudinal waves, caused by vibrations

  20. Example : guitar, boombox

  21. Potential Energy- Energy that is stored and held in readiness

  22. Potential Energy Potential energy is energy that is stored in an object. PE = mgh h = height g = 9.82 m/s2 * m = mass

  23. Examples of Potential Energy

  24. Potential Energy: Stored energy • 4 types • Gravational • Elastic • Chemical • Nuclear

  25. A. Gravational P.E. • Potential energy due to height Ex. Book on table, airplane Equation: GPE = mass x gravity(9.8) x height

  26. Example of Gravitational PE

  27. b. Elastic Potential Energy energy stored in a stretched or compressed object Ex. Rubberband, spring

  28. Elastic Potential Energy Rank the amount of elastic potential energy of the trampoline from greatest to least.

  29. C. Chemical energy - Energy stored in chemical bonds

  30. Examples: wood, food, gasoline, batteries

  31. D. Nuclear energy - energy by splitting an atom

  32. Example : nuclear power , sun, nuclear bomb

  33. Can you find an example of each form of energy in the picture below?

  34. C. Energy Transformations –Conversions A change from one form of energy to another

  35. Energy Transformations and Conservation Multiple Transformations A series of energy transformations must occur for you to ride your bike. What are the forms of energy involved in each transformation?

  36. D. Law of Conservation of Energy Energy can’t be created or destroyed, it can only be converted.

  37. Law of Conservation of Energy • Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but transformed from one form to another. A waterfall has both kinetic and potential energy. The water at the top of the waterfall has stored potential energy. Once the water leaves the top of the fall, the PE is changed into KE.

  38. PSSA Style Question:Using a microscope, a student observes a small,green organelle in a plant cell. Which energytransformation most likely occurs first within theobserved organelle?A. ATP to lightB. light to chemicalC. heat to electricalD. chemical to chemical

  39. Conversion example 1 Lamp : electrical energy converts to light energy

  40. Conversion example 2: Water heater : Chemical energy of gas to thermal (heat ) energy

  41. Conversion example 3: Human body : converts chemical energy in food to motion energy

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