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CHAPTER 8 “PROTISTS AND FUNGI” (P. 210)

CHAPTER 8 “PROTISTS AND FUNGI” (P. 210). KINGDOM PROTISTA. most are simple one-celled organisms. - but a few are multicellular. all are eukaryotic. live in moist areas or in water. Protists can have traits of plants, animals, and fungi. - but are not a plant, animal, or a fungus.

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CHAPTER 8 “PROTISTS AND FUNGI” (P. 210)

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  1. CHAPTER 8“PROTISTS AND FUNGI” (P. 210)

  2. KINGDOM PROTISTA • most are simple one-celled organisms. - but a few are multicellular. • all are eukaryotic. • live in moist areas or in water.

  3. Protists can have traits of plants, animals, and fungi. - but are not a plant, animal, or a fungus. Ex. A euglena - it has chlorplasts and a ‘tail’ for movement.

  4. some can cause disease. • dysentary • African sleeping sickness • malaria • are believed to have evolved from bacteria

  5. PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS • are known as algae. • most live in lakes or oceans and are a food source for other organisms. • all have chloroplasts and most have cell walls. - but not all are green!

  6. Algae is classified according to the pigments they have (color). • Euglenas p. 212 (Phylum Euglenaphyta) - has traits of both plants and animals.

  7. PLANT ANIMAL • can move. • has a whip-like tail called a flagellum • can absorb food from the water (can live in darkness) • has chloroplasts. • can make food.

  8. Euglenas have an eyespot. - they can sense light and move towards it

  9. 2) Diatoms (Phylum Chrysophyta) • golden-brown algae. • most common unicellular organism in the ocean. (FOOD) - thousands of shapes. (p. 212)

  10. Their cell walls are made of glass-like silica. - makes a very tough shell made up of two parts.

  11. Diatoms die and fall to the ocean floor. • years later - they are mined! - insulation • road paint • toothpaste

  12. The mined material is called diatomaceous earth.

  13. 3) Dinoflagellates (Phylum Pyrrophyta) • “fire algae” • are red algae. • have a flagella which makes it spin.

  14. Dinoflagellates cause Red Tides. - when they reproduce quickly - the water looks red. • cause fish kills. • they give off a waste which is toxic.

  15. 4) Green Algae Phylum Chlorophyta • thousands of species. • can be multicellular or unicellular

  16. 5) Red AlgaePhylum Rhodophyta • live in deep water. • the red (rhodo) pigment absorbs the limited light in the deeper waters. - is multicellular.

  17. Red algae contains carageenan - a ‘thickener’ for foods.

  18. 6) Brown Algae Phylum Phaephyta • multicellular. Ex. kelp - fastest growing plant. Lecithin - food thickener.

  19. ASSIGNMENTWORKSHEET“PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS”

  20. ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS (p. 215) • called protozoans. (first animal) are unicellular. four types - based on how they move.

  21. 1) Sarcodines Phylum Rhyzopoda Ex. amoeba (p. 216) • move by using a pseudopod (false foot) • are ‘fingers’ of cytoplasm. • no real shape • always changing.

  22. The pseudopod also captures food. - it ’surrounds’ food particles. - a food vacuole forms around the food and digests it. - the vacuole then moves to the cell membrane and expels the waste.

  23. Some cause disease Ex. amoebic dysentary (from bad water)

  24. 2) Flagellates Phylum Zoomastigina • move by using a flagella. • some have several flagella. • Many are parasites. Ex. trypanosoma - causes African Sleeping Sickness

  25. Some live in the gut of termites and help digest wood

  26. ASSIGNMENT:QUESTIONS PAGE 220 1/3/4/5DRAW AN AMOEBA (4)DRAW A PARAMECIUM (4)

  27. 3) Ciliates Phylum Ciliaphora • move with many small hair-like structures called cilia. • most complex of the protozoans. Ex. paramecium

  28. Anal pore Cilia Oral groove

  29. the cilia ‘push’ water into the oral groove to capture food. • digested by food vacuoles. • nutrients absorbed into the cytoplasm. • waste exits out the anal pore. nucleus food vacuole Oral groove Anal pore cilia

  30. Stentor

  31. Unknown ciliates

  32. 4) Sporozoans • cannot move on their own. • all are parasites. • most feed on blood. • can cause disease. • Ex. malaria • -spread by mosquitos

  33. ASSIGNMENT:WORKSHEET“PROTOZOANS”

  34. You are responsible to read pp. 218 - 219- slime molds - water molds

  35. KINGDOM FUNGI (p. 222) Ex. Mushrooms, yeast, bread mold. • once placed in the Plant Kingdom. • but cannot make their own food.

  36. Characteristics: • most are multicellular. • grow in moist areas. • grouped by how they reproduce. • most form spores.

  37. Releasing spores…

  38. Fungi decompose organic matter for food. Saprophytes - obtains food from dead organisms or waste. Parasites Ex. Athlete’s foot

  39. 1) Zygote Fungi (sporangium fungi) ex. Bread mold (p. 225)

  40. have a spore case called a sporangium. • it can release hundreds of spores. sporangium

  41. Hyphae - thread-like structures that absorbs water and nutrients.

  42. 2) Sac Fungi ex. yeast, morels. • produce spores in a small sac called an ascus. • some are destructive ex. Dutch Elm Disease

  43. Yeast can reproduce asexually through budding.

  44. ASSIGNMENT:WORKSHEET“ALGAE AND FUNGI”

  45. 3) Club Fungi Ex. Mushrooms Bracket Fungi Puffball

  46. cap gills Groups of hyphae are called mycelium. stipe hyphae

  47. 4) Imperfect Fungi • called imperfect because their reproductive cycle is unknown Ex. Athlete’s Foot Ringworm

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