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Understanding Societal Roles and Interactions: A Comprehensive Perspective

Explore the concept of social structure and status, the interplay of roles, and the significance of status sets in societal dynamics. Delve into the correlation between culture and social structure, alongside theoretical perspectives and the diverse types of societies.

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Understanding Societal Roles and Interactions: A Comprehensive Perspective

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  1. Chapter 5 Social Structure and Society

  2. Chapter Outline • Using the Sociological Imagination • Social Structure and Status • Social Structure and Roles • Doing Research

  3. Bell Work • What is your status in society?

  4. Social Structure • The underlying pattern of social relationships. • Relationships among individuals are patterned. • Status, role, role performance, and social interaction explain social structure.

  5. Status • A position that a person occupies within a social structure. • Individuals in interrelated statuses usually behave in orderly and predictable ways. • Statuses may be assigned or earned. • A person’s master status affects most other aspects of a person’s life.

  6. Ascribed Status • A position that is neither earned nor chosen but assigned • Gender • Age • India – social class

  7. Achieved Status • A position that is earned or chosen • Spouse • Occupations

  8. Status Set • All of the statuses that a person occupies at any particular time • Social worker • Mother • Wife • Choir director • Neighbor

  9. Master Status • A position that strongly affects most other aspects of a person’s life • Occupation • Race • Gender • Criminal

  10. The Interrelationships of Social Statuses

  11. Bell Work • List the different roles that you have in your life. • List the expectations that go along with each role • Explain how some of the roles are connected

  12. Roles, Rights and Obligations • Roles are culturally defined rights and obligations attached to social statuses. • Rights inform one person of the behavior that can be expected from another person. • Obligations inform individuals of the behavior others expect from them. • Give an example of each. How do they differ?

  13. Role Performance • Occurs when roles are put into action through social interaction. • Social Interaction s the process of influencing each other as people relate. • Role conflict occurs when role performance in one status clashes with role performance in another status. • Role strain occurs when the roles of a single position are inconsistent.

  14. “It is never too late to be what you might have been” George Eliot

  15. The Links Between Culture and Social Structure

  16. The Stage Analogy

  17. Students Expelled for Bringing Guns to School, 1998–1999

  18. Theoretical Perspectives: Social Structure Concepts

  19. Q and A • Give an example of how role strain can be hypocritical • What difficulties would arise if you best friend was also your manager at work? • P 151 answer questions 1-5 • Answer ”Doing Sociology” at the bottom of page 152

  20. Types of Society • How societies solve the problem of subsistence influences culture and social structures. • Societies become more complex as the means for solving subsistence problems improve. • Major types of societies are hunting and gathering, horticultural, pastoral, agricultural, industrial, and postindustrial.

  21. Comparison of Major Types of Society: Hunting and Gathering

  22. Comparison of Major Types of Society: Hunting and Gathering

  23. Comparison of Major Types of Society: Horticultural

  24. Comparison of Major Types of Society: Pastoral

  25. Comparison of Major Types of Society: Agricultural

  26. Comparison of Major Types of Society: Industrial

  27. Comparison of Major Types of Society: Post- Industrial

  28. Views of Preindustrial and Industrial Societies Ferdinand Tonnies Emile Durkheim Social Solidarity Mechanical Solidarity Organic Solidarity • Gemeinshaft • Gesellschaft

  29. Gemeinshaft • “community” • Society based on tradition, kinship and intimate social relationships • Mainly found in preindustrial societies

  30. GesellShaft • “Society” • Society based on weak family ties, competition, and less personal relationships • Represented in an industrial society

  31. Social Solidarity is how society is unified • Mechanical Solidarity – most people are doing the same type of work • Beliefs • Values • Norms • Conformity • Organic Solidarity – members depend on a variety of people to fulfill their needs • Specialized jobs • Complex status • interdependent

  32. Major Features of Postindustrial Society • Majority of labor force is employed in services rather than agriculture or manufacturing. • White-collar employment replaces blue-collar work. • Theoretical knowledge is the key organizing feature.

  33. Major Features of Postindustrial Society • Through new means of technological forecasting, society can plan and control technological change. • Intellectual technology dominates human affairs.

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