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Evolution of Human-Computer Interaction: From SketchPad to World Wide Web

This article explores the seminal ideas and technologies that have shaped the field of Human-Computer Interaction, from Ivan Sutherland's SketchPad to Tim Berners-Lee's World Wide Web.

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Evolution of Human-Computer Interaction: From SketchPad to World Wide Web

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  1. Seminal Ideasin Human-Computer Interaction Jeffrey Heer · 2 April 2009

  2. 1963 SketchPad (Ivan Sutherland) 1970s Alto (Xerox PARC) 1975 Icons (David Canfield Smith) 1977 Dynabook (Alan Kay) 1981 Xerox Star 1982  Apple Lisa 1982  Direct Manipulation (Shneiderman) 1984  Apple Macintosh 1985  Windows 1.0 1996 Tangible UIs (Fitzmaurice)

  3. 1965 Englebart, English (SRI) 1970s Xerox PARC 1981 Xerox Star 1982  Apple Lisa 1984  Apple Macintosh

  4. 1968  Tiled: NLS (Englebart et al) 1969  Overlapping: Alan Kay’s thesis 1974 SmallTalk (Alan Kay) 1974  EMACS (MIT) 1981 Xerox Star 1982  Apple Lisa 1984  Apple Macintosh 1984  X-Windows 1985 Windows 1.0 1995 Windows 95

  5. 1962 Word Processor (Englebart, SRI) 1965  TVEdit (Stanford) 1967 Hypertext Editing System w/ Lightpen (Brown) 1968  NLS w/ Mouse (Englebart, SRI) 1974  EMACS (MIT) 1974 Bravo w/ WYSIWYG (Lampson, Simonyi, Xerox PARC) 1981 Xerox Star 1982  Apple Lisa (LisaWrite) 1984  Apple Macintosh (MacWrite)

  6. 1945 Vannevar Bush 1965  NLS (Englebart, SRI) 1967 Hypertext Editing System (van Dam, Nelson, Brown) 1983  Hyperties (Shneiderman) 1988 Hypercard (Apple) 1989 World Wide Web (Berners-Lee, CERN) 1992 Mosaic Web Browser (NCSA) 1994  Netscape Navigator

  7. 1962 RAND Tablet – Pen-Based Input 1963 SketchPad (Ivan Sutherland) 1964 GRAIL recognizer (RAND) 1970s CAD 1983 Myron Krueger 1992 Apple Newton 1993 Unistrokes (Goldberg, PARC) 1997  Palm Pilot

  8. Demo Videos 1963 Sutherland’s SketchPad 1968 Englebart’s NLS Demo 1981Xerox Star Video collection available at: http://hci.stanford.edu/videos

  9. Vannevar Bush: As We May Think Helps us think about bigger issues Reasoned, technological extrapolation Focused on creativity augmentation • Or conversely, repetitive task reduction Accelerating information acquisition • Requires improved information access • Draw inspiration from human cognition • Metadata vs. content + semantics

  10. Scientific Journals Journals/person increases 10X every 50 years 1000000 100000 Journals 10000 1000 Journals/People x106 100 10 1 0.1 Darwin V. Bush You 0.01 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 Year

  11. Human Capacity 1000000 100000 10000 1000 100 10 1 0.1 Darwin V. Bush You 0.01 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

  12. Attention “What information consumes is rather obvious: it consumes the attention of its recipients. Hence a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention, and a need to allocate that attention efficiently among the overabundance of information sources that might consume it.” ~Herb Simon as quoted by Hal Varian Scientific American September 1995

  13. Next Time… Ubiquitous Comp. The Computer for the 21st CenturyMark Weiser Charting Past, Present, and Future Research in Ubiquitous ComputingGregory Abowd and Elizabeth Mynatt

  14. Human Subjects • Website: http://humansubjects.stanford.edu • We suggest everyone take the CITI tutorial • Next submission for non-medical review is May 1, so earliest approval is around June 1 • Don’t submit if research is just for the course • Do submit if you plan on carrying this research further (e.g. intend to publish after running larger study)

  15. Critique Recap You are expected to read all papers Only critique readings with bullets next to them Submit critique online by 7am on day of class Can skip any 3 days you want for any reason, no exceptions beyond that Follow the format posted online(http://hci.stanford.edu/cs376/critique_format.html)

  16. Discussion Section Choices Everyone must lead 1 discussion section Email top 3 choices to cs376@cs ASAP – assignments are first-come, first-served Syllabus will be updated as assignments are made – don’t request something that’s already been assigned!

  17. CS 547 Seminar Tomorrow:Firefox, Mozilla & Open Source - Software Design at ScaleJohn Lilly and Mike Beltzner, Mozilla FoundationGates B01, 12:30 – 2:00

  18. Finding Project Partners Online message board up for exchanging ideas – access through course submission system (http://cs376.stanford.edu/submit) Everyone will self-pair Group sizes != 2 are strongly discouraged – e-mail cs376@cs if you want != 2 explaining who/why Submit self-pairing through online submission system (both individuals submit)

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