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Brief Overview of China’s Future Space X-ray Astronomy Program

An overview of China's future space X-ray astronomy program, including approved missions within the next 5 years and plans for the next 10 years. This includes the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT), Space Variable Object Monitor (SVOM), Gamma-ray burst polarimeter (POLAR), and X-ray Timing and Polarization mission (XTP).

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Brief Overview of China’s Future Space X-ray Astronomy Program

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  1. Brief Overview of China’s Future Space X-ray Astronomy Program Shuang-Nan ZhangCenter for Particle AstrophysicsInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

  2. Outline Approved missions: launch within the next 5 years Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) Space Variable Object Monitor (SVOM): China-France collaboration (Barret’s Talk) Gamma-ray burst polarimeter (POLAR): China-Europe collaboration on China’s Spacelab In mission definition and technology development phase: launch within next ~10 years X-ray Timing and Polarization mission (XTP) Proposed onboard China’s Space Station: launch around 2021-2022 Optical/UV/X-ray All-Sky Monitor

  3. Payload Cabin Platform Cabin HXMT is a collaboration between: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua University Chinese Academy of Space Technology

  4. HE: NaI/CsI 5000 cm2 LE:SCD,384 cm2 ME:Si-PIN,952 cm2 Payloads onboard HXMT Size：1900×1600×1000 mm3

  5. A sunshading board will be set so that the LE and ME instruments can work at low temperatures LE The Sun

  6. High Energy X-ray Instrument HXMT/HE Components assembly • The 18 main collimated phoswich detectors • Charged-particle anticoincidence plates (6 pieces up side +12 lateral side) • Particle Monitor detectors • Calibration detectors (automatic gain control)

  7. The Field of View configuration of HE 1 Blind Module 2 Modules of 5.7 °× 5.7 ° 15 Modules of 1.1 ° × 5.7 °

  8. Detector: Si-PIN Energy coverage: 5-30 keV Detecting area: ~950 cm2 (1728 pixels) Sensitivity: 0.5 mCrab Field of view:1°×4°,4 °×4°, blind field Energy resolution: < 1.5 keV@17.8keV Work temperature: -20~-40℃ for Si-PIN Time resolution: 40 μs Mass: 105kg Power dissipation: 130 W 16 Si-PIN (0.56 cm2 each) pixels will be in one package and 2 packages read by a RENA-3 asic.

  9. The low energy instrument (LE) 2×2 CCD236 16 cm2

  10. FOVs of an LE module The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope @ EAMA-7

  11. Detector: SCD Energy coverage: 1-15 keV Detecting area: ~384 cm2 (96 chips) Sensitivity: 0.5 mCrab Field of view:1.5°×6°,4 °×6°, blind field 60 °×3°(48cm2), Energy resolution: <150 eV@6keV Work temperature: -40~-80℃ for SCD Time resolution: 1 ms Mass: 105 kg Power dissipation: 130 W Schematic map of a CCD236 (e2v)

  12. Characteristics of the HXMT Mission

  13. Scientific objectives of pointed observations • X-ray Binaries • Broadband X-ray variability, especially the QPO properties of BH binaries at energy higher than 20 keV; • Broadband spectral characteristics and state transitions • Cyclotron Resonance Features (CRF) close to the neutron star surface; • Broadband spectrum of bright AGN: reflecting components and high energy cut off;

  14. Observation modes • Scanning Sky Survey mode • Deep scanning observations of selected sky regions (such as the Galactic center region) • Pointed observations

  15. Status of HXMT Full-funding decision: March 2011 • Phase-B (pre-flight module): 2011.6-2012.12 • Phase-C (flight module): 2013.1-2014.6 • Launch: ~2015

  16. Outline Approved missions: launch within the next 5 years Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) Space Variable Object Monitor (SVOM): China-France collaboration (Barret’s Talk) Gamma-ray burst polarimeter (POLAR): China-Europe collaboration on China’s Spacelab In mission definition and technology development phase: launch within next ~10 years X-ray Timing and Polarization mission (XTP) Proposed onboard China’s Space Station: launch around 2021-2022 Optical/UV/X-ray All-Sky Monitor

  17. GRB prompt emission polarization: a last observables of GRBs Different GRB models E-M Model: well defined, moderate Plin ~ 50% Fireball Model: high values excluded Plin ~ 10-20 % Cannon ball Model: full range possible Plin = 0 - 100% Probe quantum gravity (???): Amelino-Camelia G., 2000, Nature, 408, 661 Piran T, 2005, Lect. Notes Phys, 669, 351 Fan, Y-Z; Wei, D-M; Xu, D. 2007, MNRAS, 376, 1857 Gamma-ray burst polarization experiment onboard China’s Spacelab: POLAR From M. Lyutikov, 2003 See papers discussing various GRB models: T. Piran, A. Dar, M. Lyutikov, D. Eichler, G. Ghisellini, D. Lazzatti, M. Medvedev, E. Rossi etc.

  18. Onboard China’s spacelab TG-2: launch time 2012-13 A China-led international collaboration (Switzerland, France, Poland) FOV of POLAR: ~½ sky Gamma-ray burst polarization experiment onboard China’s Spacelab: POLAR Tian-Gong 天宫 Palace in Heaven Plastic scintillator stacks Instrument concept proposed by N. Produit, et al., NIM (2005)

  19. POLAR capability summary • 10GRBs per year down to8%, or • 60GRBs per year down to30%, or 100GRBs per year down to50%polarization,

  20. Outline Approved missions: launch within the next 5 years Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) Space Variable Object Monitor (SVOM): China-France collaboration (Barret’s Talk) Gamma-ray burst polarimeter (POLAR): China-Europe collaboration on China’s Spacelab In mission definition and technology development phase: launch within next ~10 years X-ray Timing and Polarization mission (XTP) Proposed onboard China’s Space Station: launch around 2021-2022 Optical/UV/X-ray All-Sky Monitor

  21. X-ray Timing and Polarization (XTP) mission • Key Science: Matter under extreme conditions • Precise Light curve: Neutron Star equation of state, BH basic parameters, formation and growth … • Polarization of X-ray: Radiation mechanism… • Diffuse X-ray emission, hot gas distribution in Galaxy • … • Main Requirement: large effective area & high counting rate • The most accurate light curve and polarization observation at 1-30 keV

  22. HERO concept: High Energy Replicated Optics –Small Aperture, Short Focal Length and Shallow Grazing Incidence Using small mirror array to achieve large collection area at hard X-ray (>10 keV): technically more feasible than single large mirror. Ramsey et al, SPIE 2000

  23. Bepicolombo soft X-ray (<10 keV) MPO telescope: short focal length & lightweight 2009-11-19 25

  24. XTP Mission Concept

  25. XTP (Possible) Instruments SDD/CZT High-energy Collimated Array (1-100 keV) SDD/CZT High-energy Focused Array (1-100 keV) CZT All Sky Monitor (5-300 keV) GEM Polarization Observation Telescope (2-10 keV) CCD Low-energy Focused (0.5-10 keV) SCD Low-energy Collimated Array (0.5-15 keV) 4 m focal length

  26. 有效载荷初步方案 LFA: Low energy X-ray Focusing telescope Array 0.5-10 keV Micro-pore Optics (MPO) mirrors, mDEPFET detectors

  27. High energy X-ray Focusing telescope Array (HFA): 1-100 keV Double conical nested mirrors SDD+CZT composite detector

  28. Low energy x-ray Collimated detector Array (LCA): 0.5-15 keV SCD: e2V LIGA made collimator: 30μm thickness each layer 一个LCA模块示意图

  29. HCA: High energy X-ray Collimated detector Array 1-100 keV HCA composite detector

  30. POT: Polarization Observation Telescopes 2-10 keV GEM-TPC: 0.25-30 keV 掠射望远镜可通过国际合作由意大利INAF研制，图示为意大利原为HXMT设计的多层掠射镜的装配图。

  31. ASM: All-Sky Monitor FOV~2Sr, 4-300 keV, 1000cm2, 6400 ×4mm×4mm CdZnTe

  32. XTP Basic Parameters May choose near-earth orbit or L2 orbit, depending on available launcher (money)

  33. Outline Approved missions: launch within the next 5 years Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) Space Variable Object Monitor (SVOM): China-France collaboration (Barret’s Talk) Gamma-ray burst polarimeter (POLAR): China-Europe collaboration on China’s Spacelab In mission definition and technology development phase: launch within next ~10 years X-ray Timing and Polarization mission (XTP) Proposed onboard China’s Space Station: launch around 2021-2022 Optical/UV/X-ray All-Sky Monitor

  34. OUVX-ASM Mission Concept One X-ray ASM Module zenith Motion of spacecraft FOV of OUV-ASM FOV of X-ASM

  35. Summary on China’s Future Space X-ray Astronomy Program Approved missions Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT): 2014-2015 Space Variable Object Monitor (SVOM): China-France collaboration (Barret’s Talk) ~2015 Gamma-ray burst polarimeter (POLAR): China-Europe collaboration on China’s Spacelab 2012-2013 In mission definition and technology development phase X-ray Timing and Polarization mission (XTP) ~2020 Proposed onboard China’s Space Station Optical/UV/X-ray All-Sky Monitor ~2021-2022

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