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NAFE05 Review

NAFE05 Review. What went right and what went wrong? JDK comments in red; other comments to be added during sessions NAFE Workshop, Melbourne, Feb 2006. Aircraft remote sensing ARA-SERA-Dimona. Flight plans ( well documented in Plan; JW )

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NAFE05 Review

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  1. NAFE05 Review What went right and what went wrong? JDK comments in red; other comments to be added during sessions NAFE Workshop, Melbourne, Feb 2006

  2. Aircraft remote sensingARA-SERA-Dimona • Flight plans (well documented in Plan; JW) • Aerial photos, NDVI, LST, PLMR (what happened to the airborne laser scanner?) • PLMR calibration issues (JW) • IRT calibration issues (??) • Operational issues (normal flights and multi-incidence flights) (JW)

  3. Aircraft Remote SensingEMIRAD/COSMOS • Radar equipment (Some uncertainty about equipment and purpose) • Flight schedules (What were the differences between the Dimona and EMIRAD flights? Did this require additional field work?) • Calibration issues • Operational issues (Significant delays in arrival and deployment of aircraft)

  4. Acquisition of relevant satellite data • AMSR-E on Aqua (Multi-frequency dual polarisation microwave radiometer) • MODIS on Aqua (Passive imaging spectro-radiometer) • ASTER on Terra (visible, NIR, TIR • Landsat • ASAR on Envisat (C-band Synthetic Aperture Radiometer) • AATSR on Envisat (Advanced along track scanning Radiometer • CHRIS on Proba (H/R Imaging Spectroradiometer) How much has actually been acquired?

  5. Routine groundbased monitoring during NAFE05 (SASMAS) • Climate station data (Stanley data OK) • CS616 Soil moisture data • Calibration issues (see CR) • Data (TW; data losses due to relay and battery problems) • Soil temperature data • Hydraprobes • Calibration issues (need to be addressed) • Data (as above)

  6. Current and future routine groundbased monitoring in Goulburn basin • Number of sites (do we need to reduce number?) • Increased data traffic • Power supply and relay issues • Battery replacement • Upgrading of solar panels • Manpower (Greg, Cristina, Tony, Mark) • Telemetry (how many stations and how feasible?) • Costs (need rethink if NAFE06 at Merriwa)

  7. Supplementary continuous groundbased monitoring during NAFE05 • Soil temperatures • IR landsurface temperatures • Rock surface temperatures • Leaf wetness records

  8. Regional scale (transect) sampling • Sampling sites (road side sites are often not representative of adjacent paddocks) • Labour requirements (four people in one car for actual transect work is excessive) • Estimates of travel time (very long days for some teams due to the additional work in and around the target farms at both ends)

  9. Sampling sites (2) • Eight target farms (need to re-arrange the farm-scale days; two people were required for the 500 and 250 m ground sampling; the other two team members could not possibly complete the 125, 62.5, 12.5 and 6.25 m sampling) • Access; gates (improved maps are needed next time to assist in navigation, thus reducing time) • Navigation issues (extremely high vegetation, e.g. at Dales, made navigation and driving quite difficult and hazardous) • Cattle (interference with rope arrangement)

  10. Soil moisture monitoring equipment (1) • Hydraprobe + GPS + iPAC • Calibration (uncertainty about pre-NAFE calibration; comparison with additional grav. samples during NAFE) • Performance (serious problems with set-up during the first week and less frequently after that: programming issues and hardware problems; loose connections; detached footplates; bent and broken pins; very difficult to in sert in dry soils towards end of NAFE) • Modifications (thanks to Rocco and Rodger the performance improved towards the end of Wk 1; however some units kept giving problems throughout NAFE)

  11. Soil moisture monitoring equipment (2) • Theta probe • Calibration (nothing known about any attempted intercomparison of the units) • Availability (general shortage of units because of technical problems; needed constant attention; power supply problems; broken pins; readouts failing) • Performance (difficult to use in heavy clay soils and in dry soils generally; high local spatial variability)

  12. Groundbased SM observations • Gravimetric SM and bulk density determinations • Soil moisture measurements • Regional scale transects for AMSR-E verification (unrepresentative sites?) • Hydraprobe SM observations on eight target farms • Sampling issues with farm-scale measurements (500, 250, 125, 62.5m) (time requirements!; what do they mean in substantial veg, e.g. Dales?) • Sampling issues with high resolution sampling (12.5 and 6.25m)(rope arrangement not easy to use in tall vegetation)

  13. Vegetation, biomass sampling • Biomass quadrat sampling (total biomass; water content) (location and frequency) • LAI and NDVI measurements (locations? number?; see Jose and Viviana) • Tree data (Jennifer) (logistics of fitting it in and providing assistance and transport)

  14. Carbon analysis • Sampling (no problems taking the additional samples) • Laboratory analyses (progress?, cost?)

  15. Other observations • Surface roughness (representativeness?) • Leaf wetness • Dew observations • Vegetation type (some vegetation types not well known or easily recognizable; e.g. fodder crops) • Land use • Surface rock cover • Soil texture (pretty grey area!)

  16. General issues (1) • Experimental Plan document (not very easy to use in field) • Transport issues during field work (safety issues in wet conditions; time required in getting to target farms) • Number of teams and team size (motivation was at times a problem; especially during week 1 and early in week 2; continuity between weeks 1,2 and weeks 3,4 due to staff turn over can be a problem) • Field books (more substantial, hard cover note books are needed) • Farm maps with tracks, gates and fences (could have saved a lot of time and minor mishaps especially in the first two weeks, especially after the rearrangement of the time table for farmscale surveys) • Training (should have been far more extensive at start of week 1 and week 3) • Information exchange Scone-Merriwa (was generally pretty poor) • Work meetings (more formal meetings, say daily around 7.15-7.30 am will be needed)

  17. General issues (2) • Drying and weighing of soil and veg. samples (shortage of balances and ovens; proper forms came in late; data entry a bit haphazard; lacked clear instructions on handling of bags) • Storing of processed samples (triple labelling time consuming but generally a good idea) • Progress reports; preliminary results (a lot more effort should have gone into informing participants about results of both the groundbased and airborne monitoring as NAFE progressed) • Headquarters Merriwa (quite good) • Scone Airport facilities (?) • Workload (pretty high; no time allowed for mishaps with equipment or transport or other disasters (e.g. aerial spraying))

  18. General issues (3) • Technical services (equipment repair became a major stumbling block; needs to be re-assessed and addressed) • Accomodation; food (no major issues; little time to buy provisions) • Internet facilities at Resources Centre (OK) • Communications (UHF radios; mobile phones) (UHF phones should be used a lot more whilst in the field; can we think of an effective way of denoting the grid points when communicating by radio?) • Address and phone lists (phone lists were incomplete) • Safety (we have been pretty lucky not having any serious incidents/accidents) • Social events (pretty good; especially when Cristina and Greg took over)

  19. Conclusions • Re-think the balance between the SM and other research interests • Encourage other research interests to bring in human resources and funds • Improve the reliability of field equipment

  20. Some questions • Can we summarize the state of the data sets? • What do the preliminary results tell us about the appropriateness of the experimental design? • Do we need all resolutions: 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 12.5 and 6.25m? • How many farm scale sites do we need? • Do we need a 4 wk field experiment? • How is the data to be used, analysed and written up? • Data availability?

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