1 / 44

Animal Science Industry

Animal Science Industry. Chris Ellason. World Livestock and Poultry. Food Production in the US. Per Capita Consumption Beef. 1970 84.6 lbs 1996 64.0 lbs 1998 63.6 lbs 2000 64.5 lbs 2002 64.5 lbs 2005 62.4 lbs 2007 62.2 lbs. Per Capita Consumption Pork. 1970 56.0 lbs 1996 45.2 lbs

amelie
Download Presentation

Animal Science Industry

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Animal Science Industry Chris Ellason

  2. World Livestock and Poultry

  3. Food Production in the US

  4. Per Capita Consumption Beef • 1970 84.6 lbs • 1996 64.0 lbs • 1998 63.6 lbs • 2000 64.5 lbs • 2002 64.5 lbs • 2005 62.4 lbs • 2007 62.2 lbs

  5. Per Capita Consumption Pork • 1970 56.0 lbs • 1996 45.2 lbs • 1998 48.2 lbs • 2000 47.8 lbs • 2002 48.2 lbs • 2005 46.5 lbs • 2007 47.3 lbs

  6. Per Capita Consumption Lamb • 1970 2.9 lbs • 1996 0.8 lbs • 1998 0.9 lbs • 2000 0.8 lbs • 2002 0.9 lbs • 2005 0.8 lbs • 2007 0.8 lbs

  7. Per Capita Consumption Broilers • 1970 48.7 lbs • 1996 63.1 lbs • 1998 64.3 lbs • 2000 67.9 lbs • 2002 70.7 lbs • 2005 73.6 lbs • 2007 73.7 lbs

  8. Per Capita Consumption Fluid Milk and Cream • 1970 275.3 lbs • 1996 213.9 lbs • 1998 207.4 lbs • 2000 203.6 lbs • 2002 199.3 lbs • 2005 193.9 lbs • 2007 191.4 lbs

  9. Per Capita Consumption Cheese • 1970 11.4 lbs • 1996 27.3 lbs • 1998 27.8 lbs • 2000 29.8 lbs • 2002 30.5 lbs • 2005 31.4 lbs • 2007 32.7 lbs

  10. The Changing Industry

  11. Farm Population • 1951 14.2% • 1961 11.1% • 1971 4.6% • 1981 2.6% • 1991 1.8% • 2001 1.6%

  12. Farm Size • 1951 225 acres • 1971 384 acres • 1981 425 acres • 1991 467 acres • 2005 445 acres

  13. When and How Farms Have Changed • Major shifts occurred in the 40’s and 50’s • Farms became more specialized • Increased efficiency as a result of specialization • In 1940 one farm could support 18.5 people • Today one farm can support 135 people

  14. Why US Farms are so Productive • Our Economic System • Land and Climatic Conditions • Our Educational Systems • Specialized Agribusiness

  15. Significant Agriculture Legislation • Morrill Act 1862 • Provide a portion of federal land in each state to establish a college • Land-Grant College Act 1862 • Established the “agricultural college” concept • Hatch Act 1887 • Established research funding for Land-Grant colleges (Experiment station) • Smith - Lever Act 1914 • Financed the county agent extension system to get research information to the people (Cooperative Extension)

  16. Sources of Agricultural Information • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) • Established by the United Nations in 1945 • Collects, evaluates, and disseminates information on world trends in food and population • Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) • Formed in 1972 to identify food-related issues and interpret related scientific research

  17. Role of Animals • High Quality Protein Foodsource • Diet Palatability • Land Use and Conservation • Food Economy • Companion Animals

  18. Concerns for Animal Production: Can the earth’s land and water produce enough food for the growing population? Should we feed animals as intermediaries in the food chain? Why do humans “prefer” animal products in their diet?

  19. Beef Industry • Seedstock Producers • Commercial Cow-Calf Producers • Yearling/Stocker Operator

  20. Seedstock • Purebred producers • Concerned with genetics • Concerned with appearance • Body composition • Color • Show cattle

  21. Cow-Calf Production • Involves some 33 million head of beef cows distributed throughout the country • Most are concentrated in areas where forage is abundant • 16 states have over 700,000 hd each • 75% of the US total • Approx. 60% of the 850,000 beef cattle operations have less than 50 hd per operation

  22. US Beef Cow Operations and Inventory

  23. Stocker/Yearling Production • Cattle are fed for growth prior to their going into the feedlot for finishing • Primary basis is to market available forage and high-roughage feeds • Grass, crop residue, wheat pasture, silage • More desirable for early maturing cattle • Larger framed, later maturing cattle are more efficient and profitable if they go directly into the feedlot

  24. Stocker/Yearling Production Feedlot Packer Weaned Cattle Wintered or Custom Lot Summer Grazing Summer Grazing Wintered

  25. Feedlot • Cattle fed in small pens where feed is brought to them on a daily basis • Approx. 23 million feedlot cattle are fed in various states • Fed a high grain diet • 95% of feedlot cattle are fed in feedlots with over 1000 head capacity • A few have capacities over 100,000 head

  26. Beef Industry • Feeders • Packers • Retailers • Consumers

  27. Dairy Industry • Larger Farms Dominate • 9% of Dairies produce over 1/2 total milk • 70% of the US dairy herd is concentrated in large dairies of over 100 cows • These dairies represent just 20% of all US dairies • Movement of dairies • Specialization of Farms • Feeding systems

  28. Horse Industry • 1997 approximately 6.9 million horses in US • Used primarily as recreation or companion animal • 43% recreational activities • 29% show • 10% racing • Remainder used for rodeos and work • In 1997, 200,000 Horses slaughter in US • How many are slaughtered today?

  29. Poultry Industry • Dramatic changes in 60’s and 70’s • Integration • Corporate owned operations • Control of all segments of the growing and processing is by one company

  30. Broiler Production • Most are contract grown for a company • ConAgra • Tyson • Pilgrims • Operator owns houses, equipment and furnishes labor • Contractor furnishes, birds, feed, field service, dressing and marketing

  31. Broiler Production • Payment is made in relation to a group of producers assigned as a contemporary group • The better the operation does in relation to its contemporaries the higher the bonuses

  32. Sheep and Goat Industry • Versatile and efficient, especially in developing countries • Tend to be more well adapted to arid tropical climates than cattle • Often grazed in tandem with cattle because they utilize different forage sources

  33. Sheep and Goat Industry • Goats tend to be more efficient browsers • Sheep prefer short grasses and some broadleaf weeds and other plants • World sheep numbers in 1999 were the highest on record • Primarily in China, Australia, India, Iran and New Zealand

  34. Sheep and Goat Industry • Purebred breeders • Commercial market lamb producers • Commercial feedlots

  35. Swine Industry • Beginning to go the direction of the poultry industry • Corporate contracted growing • China is far and away the leader in swine numbers • As in dairy industry farm number is declining while production increases

  36. Swine Industry • Four major swine operations • Feeder pig production • Feeder pig finishing • Farrow to finish • Seedstock producer

  37. Other Significant Animal Industries • Aquaculture • Bison • Elk • Wildlife

  38. Adaptation • Adaptation – the sum of the adjustments that occur in an organism that promotes its welfare and survival in a specific environment • Agricultural animals must have the ability to adapt to both the natural and man made environments • The symbiotic relationship is key in domestication of animals

  39. 5 Classes of Stresses • Climatic • Nutritional • Internal • Geographical • Social

  40. 3 Ways to Change or React to Stressors • Morphological or anatomical changes • Physiological changes • Behavioral changes

  41. Biotechnology and New Advancements • Bovine Somatotropin (bST) • Sexed Semen • Gene Splicing - DNA manipulation • Embryo Transfer, splitting, freezing • Bypass nutrients • Enzyme feeding • Taste alterations by feedstuffs

  42. Animal Science Disciplines • Nutrition • Reproductive Physiology • Animal Health • Environmental Physiology • Genetics • Environmental Sciences • Food Science and Technology

  43. Jobs in Animal Science • College Professor • Veterinarian • Consulting Nutritionist • Meat Inspector • Feed Company Sales/Nutrition • Animal Health Sales/R&D • Allied Industry Sales/R&D

  44. Jobs in Animal Science • Graduate School • Extension Service • Ag Teacher • USDA • State Chemist Departments • Natural Resources Management

More Related