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Chapter 6 – African Americans and Crack Cocaine

Chapter 6 – African Americans and Crack Cocaine. Simply put, cocaine abusers have become younger, less white and poorer According to NHSDA reports, fates of cocaine are highest for African Americans, followed by Hispanics and then Whites Reasons for Using Crack Cocaine

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Chapter 6 – African Americans and Crack Cocaine

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  1. Chapter 6 – African Americans and Crack Cocaine

  2. Simply put, cocaine abusers have become younger, less white and poorer • According to NHSDA reports, fates of cocaine are highest for African Americans, followed by Hispanics and then Whites Reasons for Using Crack Cocaine • There is interplay among environmental, psychological and biological conditions that influence the initiation and maintenance of substance use • Boyd’s study (1993) indicated that a significant number of women who used crack cocaine have a history of sexual abuse and depressive symptoms

  3. Risks Associated with Crack Cocaine Adolescent Studies (African Americans) • Crack users began sex at an earlier age • Non-crack users more likely to use a condom • Males – crack users had more sex partners • Crack users (male/female) more likely to have sex while under the influence of alcohol, other drugs • Crack users more likely to exchange sex for drugs • Sexual degradation, violence and sometimes, death become part of the crack life of female users

  4. The Desire to be Helped • Many African Americans with drug problems avoid formal sources of help (such as drug treatment programs) • Researchers found that problem recognition was the factor most related to desire to seek help • African Americans’ traditional moral beliefs are often a very valuable but underutilized source of leverage in drug abuse programs Treatment Issues Ethnicity and treatment outcomes in cocaine abuse • Boyd-Franklin (1989) postulated: • Emphasize religious/spiritual beliefs • Cultural values • Family support

  5. Viable Treatment Models • Strategic Family Therapy • Cognitive – behavioral Improving Treatment: Entry and Outcome • Treatment entry vouchers and training the clients’ significant others to encourage treatment entry • Same day appointments • Frequent UA Tests – and vouchers (money) for negative UA’s Psychotherapy for African-American Cocaine Users See page 138 – Supportive – Expressive Psychotherapy (SE) – helpful with people with narcissistic issues and those with personality disorders New Directions • Whatever treatment is used, it must be culturally sensitive and culturally relevant • Existing programs must be imported, amply financed, carefully staffed, and diligently marketed

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