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Preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Unite sperm and egg in the laboratory Fertilised egg grows to 8 cell size Remove 1 cell and test for disease Test also for compatibility (HLA). PGD. Screening out Disease. Cystic fibrosis Down’s Syndrome Beta Thalassaemia (Greek for sea/blood)

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Preimplantation genetic diagnosis

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  1. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis • Unite sperm and egg in the laboratory • Fertilised egg grows to 8 cell size • Remove 1 cell and test for disease • Test also for compatibility (HLA)

  2. PGD

  3. Screening out Disease • Cystic fibrosis • Down’s Syndrome • Beta Thalassaemia (Greek for sea/blood) • Sickle Cell disease • Breast and Bowel cancer • Huntington’s disease • and more to come

  4. Screening • For beta thalassaemia in Cyprus, Iran • For Down’s Syndrome • Preimplantation or abortion • Breast and bowel cancer genes identified in the embryo

  5. Bill and PGD • Sch 2 para 3: permits saviour sibling testing where there is a “significant risk” of “serious” disability, illness or condition • Must be treatable by cord blood or bone marrow, not whole organ • Human Tissue Authority may permit transplant • What happened to wardship jurisdiction?

  6. Society should adapt to the disabled They will be seen as unworthy There will be fewer Should be able to choose a deaf embryo Help and cure does not mean unworthiness Antidiscrimination laws and compassion have increased Every baby should be given the best chance and not predetermined Disability and screening

  7. Deaf by choice • Candace McCullough and Sharon Duchesneau, deaf same sex couple, found sperm donor with 5 generations of deafness for Sharon, who has 4 generations of deafness. Two deaf children born

  8. Designer deafness • Cl 14 prevents selection of embryos for deafness; disabled embryo not to be preferred • Does this impede reproductive liberty and undermine reproductive confidence in the deaf community? • Deliberate creation of deaf babies is wrong

  9. Boy or Girl? • China – 117 boys to 100 girls • Right to only one child • Girls less likely to be registered

  10. Medical Reasons for Sex Selection • Haemophilia and Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy affect only males • Autism? • If there is a family history of this, choose a girl • Achieved by preimplantation genetic diagnosis

  11. Non-medical Reasons for Sex Selection • Family balancing • Rebuild a family after the death of a child • Religious, cultural and economic reasons for wanting boys • Remove one cell from a 3-day old embryo • Analyse the chromosomes and DNA • XX = girl, XY = boy

  12. Choosing the Sex of Your Children • The Mastertons had four boys and lost their only girl • Should they be allowed to use embryo selection to have another girl?

  13. Bill and sex selection • Cl 14 (10), (11): sex selection not permitted except for medical reasons • Sch 2 para 3: embryo testing permitted for gender related disability • Confirms HFEA existing practice

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