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Degenerative Diseases

Degenerative Diseases. Degenerative Disease Defined. Degenerative nerve diseases cause worsening of many of your body's activities, including: -balance -movement -talking -breathing -heart function -tissues or organs. Ex. of Degenerative Diseases. Alzheimer’s Disease

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Degenerative Diseases

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  1. Degenerative Diseases

  2. Degenerative Disease Defined • Degenerative nerve diseases cause worsening of many of your body's activities, including: • -balance • -movement • -talking • -breathing • -heart function • -tissues or organs

  3. Ex. of Degenerative Diseases • Alzheimer’s Disease • Parkinson’s Disease • Arthrosclerosis • Cancer • Diabetes • Heart Disease • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Osteoporosis • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

  4. The Brain • Cerebrum: • Conscious thought processes, intellectual functions • Memory storage and processing • Conscious and subconscious regulation of skeletal muscle contractions • Cerebellum: • Coordinates complex somatic motor patterns • Adjusts output of other somatic motors centers in brain and spinal cord

  5. The Brain Cont. (Brain Stem) • Medulla Oblongata: • Autonomic centers for regulation of visceral function (cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive system activities) • Pons: • Relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus • Mesencephalon • Procession of visual and auditory data • Maintenence of consciousness

  6. The Brain Cont. (Brain Stem) • Diencephalon (Thalamus and Hypothalamus) • Thalamus: relay processing centers for sensory information • Hypothalamus: centers controlling emotions, autonomic functions and hormone production

  7. Lobes of the Brain • Frontal Lobe- associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving • Parietal Lobe- associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli • Occipital Lobe- associated with visual processing • Temporal Lobe- associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech

  8. Cranial Nerves • I- Olfactory • II-Optic • III- Oculomotor • IV-Trochlear • V- Trigeminal • VI- Abducens • VII- Facial • VIII- Vestibulocochlear • IX- Glossopharyngeal

  9. Cranial nerves Cont. • X- Vagus • XI- Accessory • XII- Hypoglossal

  10. Cranial Nerve functions and testing • Olfactory- • Function- Smell • Test- Identify odors with eyes closed • Optic- • Function- Vision • Test- Test peripheral vision with one eye covered • Oculomotor- • Function- eye movement and pupillary reaction • Test- peripheral vision, eye chart, reaction to light • Trochlear- • Function- eye movement • Test- test ability to depress and adduct eye

  11. Cranial Nerve Functions and Testing • Trigeminal- • Function- face sensation • Test- Face sensation and clench teeth • Abducens- • Function- eye movement • Test- test ability to abduct eye past midline • Facial- • Function- facial muscles and taste • Test- close eyes and smile, detect various tastes- sweet, sour, salty, bitter • Vestibulocochlear- • Function- hearing and balance • Test- hearing, feet together, eyes open/closed x 5 sec

  12. Cranial Nerve Functions and Testing • Glossopharyngeal- • Function- swallow, voice, gag reflex • Test- swallow and say “ah” • Vagus- • Function- swallow, voice, gag reflex • Test- use tongue depressor to elicit gag reflex • Accessory- • Function- trapezius • Test- Rotate/ SB neck, shrug shoulders • Hypoglossal- • Function- tongue movement • Test- Protrude tongue (watch for lateral deviation)

  13. Spinal Cord • Cervical • C1-C8 • Thoracic • T1-T12 • Lumbar • L1-L5 • Sacral • S1-S5

  14. Spinal Cord Cont. • Cervical plexus: • C1-C5 nerve roots • Brachial Plexus: • C5-T1 nerve roots • Lumbar Plexus: • T12-L4 nerve roots • Sacral Plexus: • L4-S4 nerve roots

  15. The heart • Left Atrium • Right Atrium • Left Ventricle • Right Ventricle • Aorta • Superior vena cava & Inferior vena cava • Right and Left pulmonary veins

  16. The Heart Cont.

  17. The heart cont. • The heart wall- • Epicardium- covers the outer surface of the heart • Myocardium- muscular wall of the heart, form both atria and ventricles • Endocardium- covers the inner surface of the heart • Heart valves- • Atrioventricular Valve- prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria when the ventricles are contr acting • Semilunar Valve- pulmonary and aortic valves prevent backflow of blood from the pulmonary trunk and aorta into the right and left ventricles.

  18. The Heart Beat http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iX6HnUyzgQ0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSLqixBjGkE&NR=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xw4nDMgTOrw&NR=1

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