Unit 408 Install, configure and test ICT Networks

1. Unit 408 Install, configure and test ICT Networks

2. Ainsley Smith Tel: 0161 953 5995 Ex 3374 Ainsley_smith@mancat.ac.uk

3. Unit 408 Syllabus There are four outcomes to this unit. You will be able to:- • Identify network concepts and terminology • Identify components that make up a network • Install, configure and test a network • Use and control a local area network

4. Outcome 1Identify network concepts and terminology • Define what a network is and what its main goals are • Describe network topologies • Electronic communications • Network Operating System • Differences between peer-to-peer and server based networks • TCP/IP protocol • Internet access technologies

5. Outcome 2Identify components that make up a network • Components that are used in a network • Methods of connection to the internet • Security related issues with using a network • Fault tolerance and recovery procedures in a network.

6. Outcome 3Install, configure and test a network • Basic requirements for client workstations to connect to and use network resources • Benefit and characteristics of using antivirus software • The user’s requirements/needs • Common problems associated with network installation

7. Outcome 4Use and control a local area network • File management facilities • Security measures used on a network • Access rights • Setting up a new user

8. Outcome 1Identify network concepts and terminology

9. What is a Network ? • A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (what resources?) • Such as printers • Cd-roms, • Exchange files, • Electronic communications. • How are the computers on a network linked together? • cables, • telephone lines, radio waves, • satellites, • infrared light beams

10. Basic Types What are the basic types ? • LAN • Local Area Network • WAN • Wide Are Network • SOHO • Small Office / Home Office • NET • Internet work

12. The Physical Network ? • A network typically includes four things • Protocol • Nic – Network interface card • Media • Network Device

13. The Physical Network ? Protocol what is it and what does it do ? • The set of guidelines for inter-computer communication. Two computers with different protocols won't be able to communicate with one another. • Nic – Network interface card? • Cards that plugs into the back (or side) of your computers and lets them send and receive messages from other computers • What do we mean by Media? • The connectivity medium (twisted pair, fibre, wireless) • What does a Network device do ? • The hard ware that can control traffic flow

14. The Physical Network ?

15. Network Topologies The topology of a network refers to the configuration of cables, computers, and other peripherals. Types Of Topology:- • Bus • Star • Ring • Mesh

16. Network Topologies • Bus

17. Network Topologies Bus • Bus networks (not to be confused with the system bus of a computer) use a common backbone to connect all devices • A single cable, the backbone functions as a shared communication medium that devices attach or tap into with an interface connector • A device wanting to communicate with another device on the network sends a broadcast message onto the wire that all other devices see, but only the intended recipient actually accepts and processes the message. • Bus topologies are relatively easy to install and don't require much cabling compared to the alternatives. 10Base-2 ("ThinNet") and 10Base-5 ("ThickNet") both were popular Ethernet cabling options many years ago

18. Network Topologies Advantages of a Linear Bus Topology • Easy to connect a computer or peripheral to a linear bus. Disadvantages of a Linear Bus Topology • Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable. • Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone cable. • Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.

19. Network Topologies • Star (logical layout)

20. Network Topologies Star • Many home networks use the star topology. A star network features a central connection point called a "hub" that may be a hub, switch or router. Devices typically connect to the hub with Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet. • Compared to the bus topology, a star network generally requires more cable, but a failure in any star network cable will only take down one computer's network access and not the entire LAN. (If the hub fails, however, the entire network also fails.)

21. Network Topologies Advantages of a Star Topology • Easy to install and wire. • No disruptions to the network then connecting or removing devices. • Easy to detect faults and to remove parts. Disadvantages of a Star Topology • Requires more cable length than a linear topology. • If the hub or concentrator fails, nodes attached are disabled. • More expensive than linear bus topologies because of the cost of the concentrators.

22. Network Topologies • Ring (Logical Layout)

23. Network Topologies Ring network • Every device has exactly two neighbours for communication purposes. • All messages travel through a ring in the same direction (either "clockwise" or "counter clockwise"). • A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and can take down the entire network.

24. Network Topologies Advantages of Ring • One advantage of A ring network is that response time can be calculated. Since every station releases a token after it sends one data frame • It is therefore possible to accurately calculate how long it will take to transmit any amount of data on the network

25. Network Topologies Disadvantages of Ring • Ring networks usually see poorer performance • A Ring interface card has to include all the special circuitry to perform Token-Ring management duties

26. Network Topologies • Mesh (Logical layout)

27. Network Topologies Mesh topology • Mesh topologies involve the concept of routes. • Unlike each of the previous topologies, messages sent on a mesh network can take any of several possible paths from source to destination. • The Internet, employs mesh routing. • A mesh network in which every device connects to every other is called a full mesh..

28. Network Topologies Advantages of Mesh • A mesh can cover a large area. • A mesh can make certain the coverage area is completely covered. • Mesh can connect to many different access technologies, WiFi fiber etc Disadvantages • Security issues (networks can be breached fron the other side of the world)

29. Network technologies • Ethernet • Token Ring • Wireless • FDDI/CDDI

30. Network technologiesIn Detail What is Ethernet? • The most widely-installed local area network ( LAN) technology. Specified in a standard, IEEE 802.3, Ethernet was originally developed by Xerox • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers • In general, 802.3 specifies the physical media and the working characteristics of Ethernet

31. Network technologies Ethernet • Ethernet systems are called 10BASE-T and provide transmission speeds up to 10 Mbps Range ? • 10 Base-T only allows distances from the hub to the node of 100 meters (330 feet). In some installations, this can be a major problem if nodes need to be located farther away. • Fast Ethernet or 100BASE-T provides transmission speeds up to 100 megabits per second • Gigabit Ethernet provides an even higher level of backbone support at 1000 megabits per second (1 gigabit or 1 billion bits per second).

32. Network technologies Token Ring ? • The Token Ring network was originally developed by IBM in the 1970s. • IBM's Token Ring network specifies a star, with all end stations attached to a device called a multistation access unit (MSAU) • The IEEE does not specify a media type, although IBM Token Ring networks use twisted-pair wire

33. Network technologies Token Ring • Token-passing networks move a small frame, called a token, around the network. • Possession of the token grants the right to transmit. • If a node receiving the token has no information to send, it passes the token to the next end station. • Each station can hold the token for a maximum period of time.

34. Network technologies Wireless • Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of electrical conductors or "wires“ • The term wireless technology is generally used for mobile IT equipment. It encompasses cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and wireless networking • Other examples of wireless technology include • GPS • Garage Doors • Wireless computer mice and keyboards, • Satellite television and cordless telephones.

35. Network technologies Wireless communication may be via: • Radio frequency communication, • Microwave communication, for example long-range line-of-sight via highly directional antennas. • Infrared (IR) short-range communication, for example from remote controls

36. Heaton Park Telecoms Tower - Manchester

38. Network technologies FDDI (anyone know what this is ?) • Fiber distributed data interface (Fiber optic) • FDDI was developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) • Provides a standard for data transmission in a local area network that can extend in range up to 124 miles. • FDDI is frequently used as high-speed backbone technology • FDDI protocol is a token ring network

39. FDDI Nic Card

40. Fiber Cable

41. Network technologies CDDI • Copper Distributed Data Interface • The implementation of FDDI protocols over twisted-pair copper wire • CDDI supports distances of about 100 meters from desktop to concentrator

42. CDDI Nic Card

43. Electronic communications • E-mail (short for electronic mail) • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) • Electronic Database • Internet

44. Electronic communications E-mail (short for electronic mail) • Based on SMTP • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol • E-mail predates the inception of the Internet • The ARPANET computer network made a large contribution to the development of e-mail • Advanced Research Projects Agency Network • United States Department of Defense

45. Electronic communications FTP • File Transfer protocol • Used to transfer data from one computer to another over the Internet, or through a network. • FTP is a commonly used protocol for exchanging files over any network that supports the TCP/IP protocol (such as the Internet or an intranet • Virtually every computer platform supports the FTP protocol.

46. Electronic communications Electronic Database What do we mean by a database ? • A database is a structured collection of records or data that is stored in a computer system • A computer program or person using a query language can consult it to answer queries.

47. Electronic communications • The Internet is an “Information” data base • The search engine (Google) is the query tool. • SAP R/3 -a financial Accounting system • Across Multiple platforms and operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows or UNIX

48. Electronic communications Internet • The Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible series of interconnected computer networks. • It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, • Carry various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, • The interlinked Web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web. (WWW)

50. Network Operating System Network Operating System? • A network operating system (NOS) is a piece of software that controls a network and its message traffic and queues • Controls access by multiple users to network resources such as files. • Provides for certain administrative functions, including security.