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VITAL SIGNS

VITAL SIGNS. UNIT 6. HOMEOSTASIS. PROCESS OF THE BODY MAINTAINING BALANCE THE BRAIN MONITORS BODY CONDITIONS AT ALL TIMES IF CONDITION CHANGES, THE BRAIN TRIGGERS A RESPONSE TO THE APPROPRIATE SYSTEM EX: LOW OXYGEN = BRAIN INCREASES BREATHING RATE

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VITAL SIGNS

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  1. VITAL SIGNS UNIT 6

  2. HOMEOSTASIS • PROCESS OF THE BODY MAINTAINING BALANCE • THE BRAIN MONITORS BODY CONDITIONS AT ALL TIMES • IF CONDITION CHANGES, THE BRAIN TRIGGERS A RESPONSE TO THE APPROPRIATE SYSTEM • EX: LOW OXYGEN = BRAIN INCREASES BREATHING RATE • WITH ILLNESS OR INJURY, THE BODY’S ABILITY TO MAINITAIN HOMEOSTASIS IS IMPAIRED • KNOWING NORMAL AND ABNORMAL BODY FUNCTIONS IS CRITICAL AS AN ATC • VITAL SIGNS ARE USED TO ASSESS BODY SYSTEMS AND RECOGNIZE ABNORMALITIES

  3. VITAL SIGNS • FOUR BASIC VITAL SIGNS: • PULSE • BLOOD PRESSURE • RESPIRATION • TEMPERATURE • ADDITIONAL FIVE: • PUPILS • SKIN COLOR • MOVEMENT • STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS • ABNORMAL NERVE RESPONSE • VITAL SIGNS CHANGE AS THE BODY REACTS TO INJURY OR ILLNESS • TOTAL OF NINE VITAL SIGNS WE ASSESS

  4. PULSE • MEASURES HOW OFTEN THE HEART BEATS PER MINUTE • USE FINGERS TO PALPATE AN ARTERY • RADIAL OR CAROTID ARTERY • DO NOT USE THUMB – WHY? • NORMALLY 60-80 BPM (BEATS PER MINUTE) AT REST • ALTERATION COULD INDICATE A CONDITION • RAPID/WEAK: BLEEDING, SHOCK, DIABETIC COMA, HEAT EXHAUSTION • STRONG/RAPID: HEATSTROKS, FRIGHT • STRING/SLOW: SKULL FRACTURE, STROKE

  5. BLOOD PRESSURE • NORMAL IS 120/80 • TOP NUMBER (120) • SYSTOLIC: PRESSURE IN BLOOD VESSELS DURING CONTRACTION • BOTTOM NUMBER (80) • DIASTOLIC: PRESSURE IN VESSELS DURING RELAXATION PHASE • DECREASED BP: BLEEDING, SHOCK, HEART ATTACK, INTERNAL INJURY • SYSTOLIC UNDER 100 • DIASTOLIC UNDER 65 • INCREASED BP: HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE • SYSTOLIC OVER 140 • DIASTOLIC OVER 100

  6. RESPIRATION • NORMAL • 12 BPM ADULTS • 20-25 BPM IN CHILDREN • TEENAGERS WILL FALL INBETWEEN • LOOK, LISTEN AND FEEL • SHALLOW BREATHING = SHOCK • IRREGULAR/GASPING BREATHING = CARDIAC INVOLVEMENT • FROTHY BLOOD INDICATES CHEST INJURY

  7. PUPILS • WHEN ASSESSING PUPILS, YOU ARE CHECKING FOR RESPONSE TO LIGHT • RESPONSE IS MORE CRITICAL THAN SIZE • WHEN ASSESSING, IF PUPILS STAY: • DILATED = HEAD INJURY, SHOCK, HEAT EMERGENCY, BLEEDING, STIMULANT DRUG USE, ALCOHOL USE • CONSTRICTED = DEPRESSANT DRUG USE • IF BOTH FAIL TO REACT TO LIGHT • BRAIN INJURY, ALCOHOL, OR DRUG POINSONING

  8. TEMPERATURE • NORMALLY 98.6 • CHANGES CAN BE REFLECTED IN THE SKIN • HOT, DRY SKIN = HEAT STROKE, DISEASE, INFECTION • COOL, CLAMMY SKIN = TRAUMA, SHOCK, HEAT EXHAUSTION • COOL, DRY SKIN = COLD EXPOSURE

  9. SKIN COLOR • RED, WHITE, BLUE • RED = HEATSTROKE, HIGH BP, CO POINSONING • WHITE/PALE = INSUFFICIENT CIRCULATION, SHOCK, FRIGHT, HEMORRHAGE, HEAT EXHAUSTION, INSULIN SHOCK • BLUE = CYANOSIS, POORLY OXYGENATED BLOOD INDICATING AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION OR RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY

  10. ADDITIONAL (SPORTS MED II) • MOVEMENT • INABILITY TO MOVE COULD BE A SIGN OF CNS INJURY • INABILTIY TO MOVE ONE SIDE OF BODY COULD BE HEAD INJURY OR STROKE • PARALYSIS OF LOWER EXTREMITIES – SPINAL INJURY • PARALYSIS OF UPPER EXTREMITIES = CERVICAL INJURY • STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS • IF UNCONSCIOUS AND DOES NOT RESPOND TO STIMULI = HEAD INJURY, HEATSTROKE, COMA • ABNORMAL NERVE RESPONSE • NUMBNESS OR TINGLING = NERVE OR COLD DAMAGE • BLOCKING OF MAIN ARTERY = PAIN, LOSS OF SENSATION, LACK OF PULSE • LACK OF PAIN/AWARENESS = SHOCK, HYSTERIA, DRUG USAGE

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