Element Summary Slides

1. Element Summary Slides Directions: Go to View – slideshow and scroll through slides as a review activity. The answer to the clues will not be displayed until you arrow down at that slide. NOTE: all graphics without a URL were provided with the text book –Chemistry – Matter and Change by Glencoe/McGraw Hill Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

2. Element Summary • most abundant metal • third most abundant element in earth’s crust • usually found in nature combined with oxygen or silicon • bauxite is the name of its ore • this element’s sulfate “alum” used in antiperspirants and remove suspended particles during water purification ANSWER = Aluminum Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

3. Element Summary • A reddish-brown liquid • Highly reactive ANSWER = bromine Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

4. Element Summary • This element has 3 main allotropes – diamond, graphite, and charcoal • The study of this element is given its own branch of chemistry called “Organic Chemistry” ANSWER = carbon Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

5. Element Summary • three solid allotropes = white (bursts into flames in air thus stored in water), red (used on striking surface for match boxes); black (formed when other under high pressure) • compounds used in fertilizers; ANSWER = phosphorus Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

6. Element Summary • Colorless diatomic gas • Element with the highest electronegativity • most reactive nonmetal • Latin “fluere” “to flow” • the element’s compounds are added to toothpaste and drinking water, also in non-stick surfaces; ANSWER = fluorine Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

7. Borosilicate glass Element Summary • metalloid • Used in computer chips and solar cells • second most abundant element in Earth’s crust after oxygen • Usually exists as “silica”. • Silica found in quartz crystals, sand, and glass • ANSWER = silicon Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

8. Element Summary • Soft, highly reactive metal • Most abundant metal in its group • Present in vapor lamps • heat exchanger in nuclear reactors • most common positive ion in fluid outside cells (flow into cells when nerve cell is stimulated); • in table salt • ANSWER = sodium Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

9. Element Summary • reacts with most elements • deadly yellowish green gas • Its compounds disinfect sewage • Its compounds are used as bleaching agents and to remove stains • dentist use compounds to block pain • an element in the acid found in your stomach, part of PVC pipes • ANSWER = chlorine Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

10. Element Summary • its chloride can be used as a salt substitute • found in compounds used in fertilizers • its nitrate used as explosive and for fireworks • most common positive ion inside the cell in table salt • Reacts vigorously w/water • ANSWER = potassium Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

11. Element Summary • radioactive element found in smoke detectors • ANSWER = americium Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

12. Liquid nitrogen Element Summary • forms explosives • gains 3 electrons to form -3 ion • colorless, odorless; relatively unreactive • 78% earth’s atmosphere • contained in protein; bacteria in soil “fix” this element into compounds which contain this element • used in making ammonia (cleaning product); explosives (TNT and nitroglycerine), dyes, and fertilizers; • ANSWER = nitrogen Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

13. Element Summary • ten allotropes • its oxide is found in acid rain • Present in the compound that has a rotten egg smell • released through ocean vents • ANSWER = sulfur Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

14. Element Summary • Unreactive gas • Light displays named after this element which gives off orange light • ANSWER = neon Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

15. Element Summary • Flammable, colorless, diatomic gas • has 3 isotopes (protium, deuterium, and tritium) • The gas that caused the Hindenberg to explode. • ANSWER = hydrogen Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

16. Element Summary • best conductor • transition metal • precious metal • ANSWER = silver Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

17. Element Summary • contained in peptobismal • “Wood’s metal” alloy • ANSWER = bismuth Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

18. limestone Element Summary • found widely in nature especially as a metal carbonate • Its carbonate compound is the main ingredient in limestone, chalk, and marble; coral reefs exoskeletons; antacid tablets; abrasive in toothpaste • ANSWER = calcium Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

19. Element Summary • unreactive gas • most abundant member of its family (1% atmosphere) • Used in high temperature welding for an inert environment • used in filament of incandescent light bulbs and as layer of insulation between panes of glass • ANSWER = argon Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

20. Element Summary • Abundant • can be formed into almost any shape • lighter alloy than steel (bicycles, backpack frames, “mag” wheels) • needed in plants (in chlorophyll) • its ion is important in muscle function and metabolism • part of “hard” water (with Ca2+) – ions interfere with action of soaps and detergents; can form “scum” (deposits) that clog pipes, water heaters, and steam irons • Burns in CO2 • ANSWER = magnesium Magnesium Ribbon “mag” wheel Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School Burning magnesium ribbon

21. CLEVELAND, OH - 30 Dec 2003 Firefighters Let Magnesium Fire Burn Itself Out In Cleveland(Photo by John Bashian/Getty Images) www.viewimages.com Element Summary • FYI – Magnesium can burn in carbon dioxide, like many things can burn in oxygen, thus CO2 fire extinguishers do not work to put out Magnesium fires. • ANSWER = magnesium Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

22. Element Summary Tin shot • softer than most metals • found in bronze and pewter • ANSWER = tin pewter Tin & lead Bronze - tin & copper Tin foil Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

23. Element Summary • least reactive alkali • in long-lasting batteries • used in de-humidifiers to absorb water • its carbonate is used to strengthen glass and as a drug for bipolar disorder • In alloys in airplanes (strong & lightweight). • ANSWER = lithium Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

24. Element Summary • found combined with Al, Si, O in “beryl” • used in alloys where sparks bad • only metal in its group that doesn’t form an alkaline solution when it reacts with water. • ANSWER = beryllium “beryl” Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

25. Element Summary • discovered in emission spectrum of sun • found in earth natural gas wells (light enough to escape gravity) • used in blimps air ships and balloons • mixed with O2 for divers to prevent “bends” • coolant for supercooling magnets • ANSWER = helium Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

26. Element Summary • Least representative of its group • found in borosilicateglass (withstand extreme differences in temp) • main source = borax (Mojave Desert); borax = cleaning agent & fireproof insulation; boric acid = disinfectant & eye wash • its nitride is the second hardest known material (superabrasive) • ANSWER = boron Borax Borosilicate glass Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

27. Element Summary • This element has two main allotropes • 20% earth’s atmosphere, • colorless, odorless gas • needed for combustion • produced in photosynthesis • most abundant element in earth’s crust • ANSWER = oxygen Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

28. Element Summary • The only metal that is a liquid at room temperature • toxic • Forms amalgams • ANSWER = mercury Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

29. Element Summary • Transition metal that is found uncombined in nature • Good conductor, found in electrical wiring • Highly ductile • orangish-brown in color • ANSWER = copper Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

30. Element Summary • scientist using this element’s nitride to make blue laser (triple storage capacity – shorter wavelength – also increase speed and resolution of laser printers) • ANSWER = gallium • low m.p. (melt in hand) • its arsenide is used in semiconductor chips in light-powered solar calculators and solar panels (10x more efficient than Si chips) Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

31. Element Summary • found as part of a compound in fish, eggs, and grains (works w/ vit. E prevent cell damage; prevent cancer growth?) • “locoweed” plant – get sick • can convert light into electricity – used in solar panels • photographers use in light meters • photocopiers work because charged particles of this element create an “image” of item • semiconductor • ANSWER = selenium Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

32. Element Summary • Toxic metal • Has a low m.p • maybe first obtained from ore (due to low m.p.) • used to be used for eating utensils, pipes • additive in gas in paint • currently used in storage batteries • ANSWER = lead Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

33. Sources • Silicon - www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/silicon.html • Silcon-quartz - www.mii.org/Minerals/photosil.html • Neon sign “Ne” - www.theodoregray.com/.../010/index.s9.html • Neon tube - www.assumption.edu/.../Spectra/LightSources.html • Hydrogen - www.theodoregray.com/.../001/index.s7.html • Bismuth - www.dkimages.com/.../Bismuth/Bismuth-3.html • Peptobismal - library.thinkquest.org/2824/Digestive.html • Calcium - www.tvel.ru/.../non-nuclear_products/calcium/ • Limeston -www.dep.state.fl.us/.../marianna_limestone.htm • Argon – inert environment www.amrc.mmhosting.co.uk/research/index.php?p... • Argon – fill glass - www.csglaziers.co.uk/products.shtml • Argon blue sign - www.abercaraudio.co.uk • Argon light bulb - www.dkimages.com/.../Unassigned-52.html • Magnesium Ribbon - www.dkimages.com/.../Metals/Metals-106.html • Magnesium burning - www.uncp.edu/home/mcclurem/ptable/mg_2.jpgMagnesium wheel - www.ocmazdaspeed.com/search.asp?txt=&cat=MAZD... • Magnesium ribbon - www.dkimages.com/.../Metals/Metals-106.html • Magnesium burning - www.uncp.edu/home/mcclurem/ptable/mg.htm Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

34. Sources • Tin - cgi.ebay.com/TIN-Metal-Element-Shot-99.96--**... • Tin foil - www.istockphoto.com/file_closeup/?id=1241491... • Tin – bronze - www.interdnet.hu/csmw/prod05.htm • Tin – pewter pilgrim.ceredigion.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid... • Lithium battery - www.medibix.com/.../company/company_id/43914 • Lithium2 - library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/Lithium.shtml • Lithium pills - www.janethull.com/shop/index.php?main_page=in... • Beryllium ball - www.daviddarling.info/.../B/beryllium.html • Beryllium disc - www.americanelements.com/bem.html • Beryl - commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Beryll.jpg • Helium balloon - www.partywarehouse.co.nz/test/catalog/index.p.. • Boron Carbide - qdmmm.en.alibaba.com/.../Sell_Boron_Carbide.html • Borosilicate glass - www.alibaba.com/.../CN-suppliers/Glass_Tube.html • Borax - chemistry.about.com/.../Borax.htm • Selenium - www.emporia.edu/.../go336/johnson/index.htm • Oxygen(both) - www.theodoregray.com/.../008/index.s9.html • Sodium-potassium pump - www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School