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Recidivism in the Rhode Island Juvenile Corrections Population

Recidivism in the Rhode Island Juvenile Corrections Population. Kevin Aucoin, JD & Colleen Caron, Ph.D. Rhode Island Department of Children, Youth & Families. Framework.

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Recidivism in the Rhode Island Juvenile Corrections Population

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  1. Recidivism in the Rhode Island Juvenile Corrections Population Kevin Aucoin, JD & Colleen Caron, Ph.D. Rhode Island Department of Children, Youth & Families

  2. Framework • Following the recommendations outlined in the Council of Juvenile Corrections Administrators (CJCA) white paper “Defining and Measuring Recidivism” Rhode Island DCYF is examining re-incarceration and recidivism rates for adjudicated youth. • Analyses have been conducted for youth who have been incarcerated at the Rhode Island Training School and for youth who have been sentenced to probation.

  3. CJCA Definitions • CJCA recommends assessing recidivism at 5 points in the process: • Arrest • Filing of Charges • Adjudication or Conviction • Commitment to juvenile facility • Commitment to adult facility • We are using a new adjudication or conviction to define recidivism for our population.

  4. Barriers • The structure of the RI data system has historically made it difficult to systematically assess recidivism beyond an adjudicated return to the training school. • Previous studies have involved hand counting to determine rates of recidivism. • In addition it has been difficult to obtain data from the adult system. Recently we obtained incarceration (but not probation) data from the adult system. • Our research collaboration with Yale University has resulted in changes to the MIS system. • In addition, the Yale team has conducted analyses to determine re-incarceration & recidivism rates.

  5. Recidivism of Incarcerated Youth • Cohort defined as the youth who have had an adjudicated stay (14 days or longer) at the Rhode Island Training School. Analyses include: • Examination of re-incarceration (to adult or juvenile corrections). • Examination of recidivism defined as an adjudication that results in incarceration or probation in either the juvenile or adult corrections systems.

  6. Recidivism of Youth on Probation • Recidivism analyses for youth sentenced to probation include: • Recidivism that results in a new sentence of probation (juvenile or adult systems) or an adjudicated return to the juvenile or adult corrections facilities. • Analyses to examine the recidivism patterns for youth whose probation sentence includes placement in a Temporary Community Placement (TCP) facility are planned, but not yet completed.

  7. Rhode Island Methods • Recidivism defined as new adjudication (not a technical VOP) that resulted in: • Any sentence within Juvenile Corrections including: • Incarceration at Rhode Island Training School • Probation within the juvenile corrections system • Incarceration in the Adult Corrections Institute (ACI) within one or two years of release. • New adjudications to Adult Probation not included as that data is not yet available.

  8. Rhode Island Training School • Cohort consists of each episode where youth was released from Rhode Island Training School (RITS) in 2007 (n=296), 2008 (n=267) and 2009 (n=178). • The 2009 sample only includes youth released from 1/1/09 to 10/15/09 as follow-up data was only available through 10/15/10. • Episode defined as a release from an adjudicated stay at RITS (> 14 days). • Clock starts when the youth is released from the RITS.

  9. Rhode Island Training School: Recidivism Rates for Release Cohorts *Two year follow-up data is not yet available for the 2009 cohort.

  10. RITS Recidivism Results *2009 sample includes youth released from the RITS between 1/1/09 and 10/15/09 As follow-up data was only available through 10/15/10 two-year recidivism rates are not yet available for this cohort.

  11. Rhode Island Juvenile Probation • Cohort consists of each opening to probation in 2007 (n=1,141) and 2008 (n=1,101). • This includes youth sentenced to RITS who served their sentence in Temporary Community Placement (TCP) as these youth are open to probation. • Probation episodes that were a continuation of a RITS sentence are not included. • Recidivism occurs if there is a new charge (> 7 days) after probation episode opens.

  12. Recidivism Rates for Rhode Island Juvenile Probation Entry Cohorts

  13. Probation Recidivism Results

  14. Disposition for Recidivism Events Probation RITS

  15. Current Status • While we have made significant progress this year in understanding our recidivism rates, we still have additional work to do. • Additional changes need to be made to our information system so that charges are attached to movement through the JC system. • Exploration of recidivism for youth served on TCP is needed. • More in depth analysis of the trajectories for youth involved in our system are needed.

  16. Predictors of Recidivism • We are interested in understanding whether there are any risk or protective factors that may predict recidivism for youth involved in the juvenile corrections system. • Initial work utilizing one cohort of youth from the RITS sample has begun. • Variables explored include: • Demographics (age, gender, race/ethnicity) • History of substantiated cases of child abuse and neglect • Charge (delinquent vs other charges)

  17. 2007 RITS Release Cohort

  18. Survival Analysis • Survival analysis can be used to estimate the impact of characteristics or other covariates on the time until recidivism event (Fendrick & Archer, 1998). • Cox’s proportional-hazards model was used to estimate the relative rate of re-adjudication (hazard function) across time by youth and charge characteristics.

  19. Overall Recidivism (N=296)

  20. Predictors of Recidivism at 1 Year

  21. Gender and Recidivism

  22. Summary • Rhode Island has made substantial progress in the past year in aligning our data systems so that we can determine our juvenile recidivism rates based on the definition proposed by CJCA. • Over the next 6-months we will continue to analyze recidivism rates for different cohorts (e.g., youth on TCP). • Analyses to understand risk and protective factors that may impact recidivism and the trajectories of youth served by our system will also be conducted.

  23. CJCA - Recidivism CommitteeWe want you!!!Next Steps 1. Looking for State's interested in implementing the standardized recidivism measures within your jurisdiction. 2. Strategize on how this data can be utilized to measure both quantitative and qualitative outcomes on both a federal, state and county level. 3. Connecting the data on recidivism with the positive youth outcome measures. 4. Exploring opportunities for financial assistance to support this initiative.

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