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Electrospinning of hybrid polymers to mimic spider dragline silk

Electrospinning of hybrid polymers to mimic spider dragline silk. Lim Yao Chong 4S2 Low Rui Hao 4S2 Tracey Atkinson AOS Patrick Steiner AOS. Background Spider Dragline Silk. It is the material that makes up the main “axels” of orb-weaver spider webs.

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Electrospinning of hybrid polymers to mimic spider dragline silk

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  1. Electrospinning of hybrid polymers to mimic spider dragline silk Lim Yao Chong 4S2 Low Rui Hao 4S2 Tracey Atkinson AOS Patrick Steiner AOS

  2. BackgroundSpider Dragline Silk • It is the material that makes up the main “axels” of orb-weaver spider webs. • It has a High tensile strength and High extensibility.

  3. BackgroundSpider Dragline Silk It has a composite structure of: • 20% crystalline regions • 80% highly elastic substances Extensible regions of the spider dragline silk connect crystalline regions to produce the amazing properties of the spider silk.

  4. BackgroundKeratin and Elastin • Elastin: • A material that provides elasticity to artery walls, lung tissue, skin, ligaments, etc.  • Biodegradable • More elastic than spider silk • Keratin: • a material that provides strength in biomaterials such as nails, bird beaks, horns, etc. • Biodegradable • Has same beta-sheet composition as spider silk

  5. BackgroundElectrospinning • A polymer is dissolved in a volatile solvent and placed in a syringe. • The solution is charged with a high voltage. • The high voltage creates an electric field that causes the polymer to be spun out in thin threads (nanofibers) to a collector plate. • A fibrous mat is formed.

  6. Objectives • To create fibrous electrospun mats with blended fibers, part keratin part elastin, to mimic the high tensile strength and extensibility of spider dragline silk. • Blended fibers: parallel syringes method (physical mixture)

  7. Hypothesis • By combining Elastin and Keratin spun under optimal conditions into blended fibres in electrospun mats, a mat with tensile strength and extensibility similar to that of spider silk will be produced.

  8. Materials • Polyethyleneoxide(PEO) • 1 M hydrochloric acid, • Elastin Powder, Elastin Products Company Inc. • Keratin, Advanced Scientific and Chemical Inc. • Urea Powder, Sigma Aldrich

  9. Independent: The parameters of the method including electrospinning method variables: distance to collector plate flow rate of jet needle gauge and chemical variables of the mat: concentration of the spun solution ratio of Elastin to Keratin Dependent: tensile strength  extensibility  of the fibrous mat produced from the Electrospinning. Variables

  10. Variables Controlled: • Polymers used • Syringe pumps used • Solvents used • Solution size spun (2 mL) • Power source • Syringes used (5 mL) • Material coating collector plate (aluminium foil) • Spin time (20 min) • Voltage (20kV) • Collector plate size (25cmx25cm)

  11. MethodologyPhases

  12. Phase 1Preparation • To dissolve Keratin and Elastin in suitable solvents to be used in Electrospinning • To determine spin time of the respective solutions of Keratin and Elastin (estimation)

  13. Phase 2Optimizing spinning parameters for individual polymers • Optimize the conditions for electrospinning keratin and elastin individually • distance to collector plate • flow rate of jet • Concentration of solution • Ratio of Keratin/Elastin to PEO • The optimal conditions found will be kept constant in Phase 3 of the experiment

  14. Phase 2Optimizing spinning parameters for individual polymers Example: 10%, 70:30 Add 0.157 grams of powdered keratin to 2 ml of aqueous solution containing 8M urea. and stir until the powder has completely dissolved. Add 0.067 grams of polyethylene oxide (PEO) to the keratin solution and stir until the PEO has completely dissolved. Place 2ml of the solution in a 5ml syringe with a 22 gauge needle. Set the voltage applied to 20kV, and the flow rate to 0.6 ml h-1. Place the collecting plate 15cm from the syringe tip. After starting the electrospinning, leave the set-up running for 20 minutes for sufficient deposition before stopping.

  15. Phase 3Determining optimal ratio of keratin to elastin • Spin the optimal parameters of Keratin and Elastin • Measure tensile strength of “optimal hybrid mat” • Repeat the experiment with different flow rates of keratin and elastin

  16. Progress • Pure keratin dissolved in urea solution could not be spun. • Keratin crystals were formed instead. • As a result, we added PEO to the solution in order to increase the viscosity of the solution in order to create a continuous jet, resulting in fibre formation.

  17. Data Analysis • Distance from collector plate • 10cm, 15cm, 20cm • Affects results as sufficient distance is needed for evaporation of solvent, but if too far, jet will not be able to reach collector. • All experiments were conducted under same voltage and solution concentration, to ensure same force of jet eruption.

  18. Data Analysis 10cm, 6.48% 15cm, 6.48%

  19. Data Analysis • 10cm: Fibrous mat formed, but with outgrowth of fibres from mat • 15cm: Flat fibrous mat formed. • 20cm: Jet of polymer solution erupted from syringe, but was too far from collector plate and did not reach it – no mat formed. • Conclusion: 15cm is the optimal distance from the collector plate.

  20. Data Analysis • Concentration of polymer solution • 5%, 7%, 10%, 20% • Increased concentration increases viscosity • Allows for continuous jet and fibre. • Too much prevents jet eruption from solution through syringe needle.

  21. Data Analysis

  22. Data Analysis 5%

  23. Data Analysis 7%

  24. Data Analysis 10%

  25. Data Analysis 20%

  26. Data Analysis

  27. Data Analysis • Least beading seen in 10% solution. • The 20% solution was very viscous and did not result in a mat, but instead a strand of polymer from the syringe to the collector plate. • Conclusion: A keratin+PEO solution of concentration 10% is the optimal.

  28. Data Analysis Least beading seen in 10% solution. The 20% solution was very viscous and did not result in a mat, but instead a strand of polymer from the syringe to the collector plate. Conclusion: A keratin+PEO solution of concentration 10% is the optimal.

  29. ResultsElastin Spun at: Distance:10 cm from the collector plate Voltage:16 kV Flow rate: 14.4 mL/h These solutions also both contained: sodium chloride (increase conductivity) PEO (increase viscosity-5% weight concentration)

  30. ResultsElastin

  31. Bibliography Aluiji, A., Ferrero, F., Mazzuchetti, G., Tonin, C., Varesano, A., Vineis, C.(2008) Structure and properties of keratin/PEO blend nanofibers. European Polymer Journal. 44. 2465-2475. Awazu, K., Ishii, K., Kanai, T., Natio, Y., Yashihashi-Suzuki(2004). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization of protein samples containing a denaturant at high concnetratin using a mid-infrared free electron laster (MIR-FEL). International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 15. 49-46. Buttafoco, L., Dijkstra, P.J., Engbers-Buijtenhuijs, P., Feijen, J., Kolkman, N.G., Poot, A.A., Vermes, I.(2006). Electrospinning of collage and elastin for tissue engineering applications. Biomaterials. 27. 224-234 Bhardwaj, N., Kundu, S.C.(2009). Electrospinning: A fascinating fiber fabrication technique. Biotechnology Advances. 10.1016. Gosline, J.M., Guerette, P.A., Ortlepp, C.S., Savage, K.N.(1999). The mechanical design of spider silks: from fibroin sequence to mechanical function. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 202, 3295-3303

  32. Thank you Q&A

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