SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE

1. SPECIAL PROTECTION SCHEME in INTRODUCTION LEVEL TRAINING PROGRAMME(POWER SYSTEM) TO THE OFFICERS OF POWERGRID G.E.T. 10th BATCH On 17th June, 2005 by V.K. AGRAWAL AGM, SRLDC POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE

2. GRID OPERATION AND CONTROL SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID An Overview

3. SPECIAL PROTECTION SCHEME

4. TALCHER BHADRAVATI JEYPORE 178x2 SIMHADRI NTPC 2x221 8x4 RSTPP 400 KV LINE PRESENTLY OPERATED AT 220 KV GAZUWAKA(AP) 1 301x2 189 15x2 P 187 195 VISAKHAPATNAM (POWERGRID) 267x2 KHAMMAM HYDERABAD 317 P P 115 197x2 P MMDP 155 P VIJAYAWADA 146x2 221x2 258 RAICHUR NAGARJUNASAGAR P Nagjhari 279 172 308 SSLMM MUNIRABAD P KODASAALY 277 52x2 KURNOOL KAIGA SIRSI 120 P N GOOTY CUDDAPAH 60 P DAVANAGERE 300 NELLORE 173 302 KADRA HIRIYUR 330 242 28 NELAMANGALA ALMATHI BANGALORE P MADRAS P KOLAR HOODY TALGUPPA HOSUR MAPS 182 181 63 175 PONDICHERY SALEM 54 P NEYVELI 179 151 164x2 UDUMALPET TRICHY P 130x2 TRICHUR P P 127 130x2 P MADURAI ABOUT 12000 CKM 400KV TRANSMISSION PALLOM KAYANKULAM EDAMON 2x78 THIRUVANATHAPURAM 3500 MW TRANSFER CAPABILITY ON HVDC.ANOTHER 500 MW POLE TO BE ADDED AT GZK. TALCHER POLE CAPABILITY TO BE ENHANCED TO 2500 MW GRID MAP TYPICAL FLOWS ARE FROM NORTH TO SOUTH GRID FOCAL POINT SHIFTED TO KOLAR AFTER COMMISSIONING OF HVDC QUANTUM CHANGES IN FLOW PATTERN LIKELY AFTER COMMISSIONING OF KOODANKULAM 2000 MW

5. THE SR GRID IN 1996 BHADRAVATI 178x2 JEYPORE 267x2 187 2x221 RSTPP 155 1 P 301x2 189 279 GAZUWAKA P P KHAMMAM P HYDERABAD 317 277 P 221x2 P 115 258 VIJAYAWADA Nagjhari RAICHUR NAGARJUNASAGAR 172 120 302 146x2 MUNIRABAD 308 Kodasally P By Tripping of Salem-Bangalore and Cudddapah-Madras Southern Grid was getting devided into two blocks 52x2 P N KAIGA SIRSI GOOTY NELLORE P CUDDAPAH Kadra 173 DAVANAGERE 242 60 HIRIYUR 300 NELAMANGALA 182 P BANGALORE P 181 MAPS 330 28 MADRAS HOODY 151 63 175 164x2 P 54 SALEM 179 NEYVELI P UDUMALPET 130x2 P TRICHY P 130x2 127 TRICHUR P MADURAI FIG-2 THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996

6. THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996CONDITIONS

7. GRID OPERATION: A TIGHT ROPE WALK POWER SWINGS INSTABILITY INCREASED LOSSES BLACK-OUT IN-ECONOMIC OPERATION VOLTAGE COLLAPSE

8. SPECIAL PROTECTION SCHEMESDEFINITION PROTECTION SCHEME DESIGNED TO DETECT ABNORMAL SYSTEM CONDITIONS AND TAKE PREDETERMINED CORRECTIVE ACTION (Other than isolation of faulty element) TO PRESERVE SYSTEM INTEGRITY AND PROVIDE ACCEPTABLE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

9. TRADITIONAL SCHEMES PROTECTS INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS STANDARDISED MANUFACTURER DRIVEN NARROW ‘VISION’ LIMITED TO THE FAULTY ELEMENT MAY DEGRADE SYSTEM CONDITIONS FURTHER SPS DESIGNED TO DETECT SYSTEM DEFICIENCIES AND TAKE CORRECTIVE ACTION EVOLVED BY EXPERIENCE UNIQUE HOLISTIC APPROACH PRE-EMPTIVE IN NATURE PREVENTS SYSTEM DETERIORATION TRADITIONAL PROTECTION SCHEMES AND SPS

10. WHY SPS? OPERATIONAL REASONS • OUTAGE OF HIGH CAPACITY GENERATING UNITS,HVDC INTERCONNECTION OF LARGE TRANSFER CAPABILITY • WIDE SEASONAL FLUCTUATION IN LOADING PATTERN • STAGGERING AND ROSTERING OF LOADS • SUDDEN IMPACT ON LARGE GRIDS DUE TO SYATEM DYANAMICS AND SWINGS.

11. WHY SPS? COMMERCIAL REASONS • SKEWED GENERATION AND LOAD PATTERN AND PRESSURE ON RELIABILITY MARGINS DUE TO • DRIVEN BY COMMERCIAL MECHANISMS • OPEN ACCESS INCREASE IN TRADE VOLUME • INCREASE IN COMPETITION • MERIT ORDER OPERATION

12. WHY SPS? PLANNING ISSUES • ECONOMY OF SCALE • THE SYSTEM PLANNERS TEND TO UTILIZE THE EXISTING NETWORK • DELAYS IN NETWORK EXPANSION DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS • SEASONAL OVER LOADS • LINES AND GENERATORS NOT COMING IN TANDEM

13. WHY SPS? Mission of power system engineers is to provide Stable Secured and Reliable power supply at least possible cost to the end consumer. SPS is an important tool in achieving this • For System Planner It reduce the compromise between cost and quality • For operational planner It enables to manage severe contingencies like tripping of generators multiple outage of transmission lines etc

14. UNIT FAILURE LOSS OF GENERATION INSUFFICIENT GENERATION LOSS OF LOAD TRANSFORMER/ LINE FAILURE BUS ISOLATED SYSTEM COLLAPSE LINE OVERLOAD OR UNSATISFACTORY BUS VOLTAGE REDUCED NETWORK REDUNDANCY ISLANDING POSSIBLE SYSTEM PROLEMS

15. FIVE MODES OF OPERATION NORMAL RESTORATIVE A L E R T DISTURBANCE EMERGENCY

16. FIVE MODES OF OPERATION NORMAL RESTORATIVE A L E R T DISTURBANCE EMERGENCY

17. HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP SCHEME AT KOLAR TO TALCHER KURNOOL SOMYAZULA PALLI GOOTY CUDDAPAH KOLAR SOMANHALLI SPBDR HOODY HOSUR PONDICHERY BAHOOR SALEM NLC II NLC -1 EXP. TRICHUR TRICHY UDUMALPET MADURAI

18. TO TALCHER KURNOOL SOMYAZULA PALLI ANANTPUR GOOTY CUDDAPAH KOLAR SOMANHALLI SPBDR HOODY HOSUR NLC II EXP PONDICHERY BAHOOR SALEM NLC II KOZIKODE NLC -1 EXP. INGUR THIRUVARUR TRICHUR TRICHY KARAIKUDI UDUMALPET MADURAI HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP SCHEME AT KOLAR

19. HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP SCHEME AT KOLAR

20. KAIGA EVACUATION PROBLEMSPS BASED SOLUTION HUBLI NAGJHERI 855 MW THESE LINES ARE TRIPPED IF >600 AMPS FOR 1SEC OR > 900 AMPS FOR 300 MSEC, KODASHALLI 120 MW 400 KV LINE OPERATED AT 220 KV PROBLEM OF OVERLOADING WHEN HIGH GENERATION AT KALI COMPLEX KAIGA 440 MW GUTTUR SIRSI KADRA 150 MW

21. PROPOSED SPS AT RAICHUR PROPOSED SPS BASED SOLUTION RTPS UNITS TO BACK-DOWN BASED ON FLOW ON RAICHUR-N’SAGAR LINE N’SAGAR RAICHUR CUDDAPAH MUNIRABAD GOOTY DAVANGERE HVDC LINES FROM ER HIRIYUR SOMANAHALLY TRIPPING OF THESE LINES INCREASES THE FLOW ON RAICHUR-N’SAGAR LINE KOLAR NELAMANGALA LOAD CENTRE HOODY

22. INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE WITH SPS • REPORTED SCHEMES 111 • FIRST SPS INSTALLED IN 1930 • SCHEMES REPORTED BY GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS SURVEY IS ONLY INDICATIVE

23. PERCENTAGE OF MOST COMMON SPS