BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF BEHAVIOR Prof. Dr. Süheyla ÜNAL

1. BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF BEHAVIOR Prof. Dr. Süheyla ÜNAL

2. Content • functional anatomy of brain • functions and pathologies of neurotransmitter systems

3. Aim At the end of the training period, student will have knowledge about; • The structure and function of the central nerve system • Synaptic function and process • Neurotransmitters and comprehend the neurobiology of behaviour

4. Objectives • From the biological basis of behavior the student will; • arrange the anatomical structures and functions of central nerve system • explain the synaptic process, postsynaptic mechanisms • clarify the ways and functions of neurotransmitters • say the other chemical transmitters

5. The structure of central nervous system • Nerve cell • Synaps

6. From the sensory input to the behaviour • Knowledge passes from so many procedure in the nerve system in the process from the sensorial input to the behavior • Brain arranges the inputs with the connections between nerve cells and developes motor reaction • Meanwhile, sensory systems become ready to understand the new stimulation

7. Function of the nerve system • Getting the sensory input from the environment • Processing the recevied information • Giving the appropriate behaviour

8. Perception-Behavior

9. Sensation • Receptors in the sense organs alter the changes of energy like light,voice,pressure in other words stimulants, to the nerve current and transmit to our brain, we call this event sensation

10. Perception • Nerve cells transmit the recevied stimulus to the primary sensory cortex • It is become a united whole and defined through the connection fields between sensory cortex and other systems with the knowledge in the memory • Incident stimulus takes the name of sensation when transformed to meaningful way of living

11. Behavior • Prefrontal cortex which is the brain’s management central decides which of the behaviorial reaction will be given to the stimulus, transmitted to sensation • Decision is transfered to the premotor cortex which is the application central • This field realizes the behavior through the muscles

12. Structure of Nervous System

13. Section of the central nerve system • Medulla spinalis • Brain stem • Serebellum • Diensefalon • Serebral hemisphere

14. Spinal Cord • It takes sensory information from the skin, articulation and muscles • It realizes voluntary movement and reflex movement

15. Brain Structure • Structures of brain are arranged according to a hierarchy • There are centers in structures of bottom brain which arrange the basic functions of living • Respiration, circulation, hunger, thirst, temperature centers are placed in brain stem

16. Brain stem Medulla, pons, midbrain • It provides sensory inputs of head, neck, face and motor control • It is the enterance of information about privatizational sensory like hearing, balance and taste • It mediates parasempatik reflexes and causes some activities like cardiac output,decrease in blood pressure, increase in intestine movements and narrow of pupilla • It provides awakeness and liveliness of organism with the help of reticular formation

17. Reticular Activator System Provides liveliness and awakeness

18. Functions of Serebellum • Fine control of movement • Balance • Postur • Motor coordination • Information process

19. Diensefalon • Midbrain centers comprise systems of homeostazis which provide well adjusted work of external surroundings of organism • Talamus • Hypotalamus

20. Talamus • Entrance of senses • Sensorial integration • Motor integration

21. Hypotalamus Hypotalamus provides; • Processing of hormone metabolism systematically • Working of organism’s defence system through the immune system • Working of internel organs through the autonomous nerve system connection

22. Hypotalamus • Body temperature • Emotions (with OSS control) • Hunger • Thirst • Cirkadient ryhtm • Hormonal process • Sexual maturation

23. Limbik systemHipokampus,amigdala, mamiller corpuscle, singulat girus Emotional behavior Motivation Learning and memory

24. Bazal Gangliyons • Arrange the movement • Assist in informational functions like getting talent • Take input from all parts of the serebral cortex but only send output to frontal lob through talamus

25. Serebral cortex • Complicated behaviors realize in grey component. This grey component is a delicate layer of serebral cortex • Cortex is started to the brain’s other parts through white component • Widen of cortex section realizes through the curcle in the way of gyrus and sulcus

26. Functions of Serebral Cortex • Sensorial informational’s process related to sensations • Thinking • Volitional behavior • Language • Logic • Perception • Memory

28. Frontal lob • Planning the future, • Reasoning, problem solving, • Talking, • Controlling the behavior, • Attention, • Abstract thought, creative thinking, • decision • Personality

29. Temporal lob • Getting and knowing auditory stimulants • Music • Memory • Feeling of fear

30. Parietal lob • Perception of touching,pressure and heat, • Body image, body perception, • Perception of depth • Ache

31. Oksipital lob • Processing of visual information, • Reading

32. Hemispheres • Cortex consists of two half • While right half is responsible from abstract thought,emotional life,aesthetics and artistic faculty; left half is responsible from rationalistic thinking,mathematical capability,analysis faculty and language • Each of the half manages the opposite half of the body

33. Nerve Cell • Nerve cell is a conductor because of its response characteristic with a fast change of electrical potential which place on cell membrane • It is a “plastic” because with the information come to it, it can change the behavior characteristic of the cell

34. Nerve Cell • Cell body • Dendrites • Axon • Presynaptic tip

35. Nerve Cell

36. Synaps • An action potential occured in a nerve cell is transfered to another cell through synaps

37. Action potential • When a nerve cell is stimulated,occured action potential is transmitted to last tip of the synaps through the axon structure of the nerve cell

38. Presynaptic tip • Action potential provides to make empty neurotransmitters, which are stored at the last tips of the saccule,to the synaptic interval

39. Neurotransmitter • Chemical information transferers called neurotransmitter transformed information into electrical current making changes in synaptic ion flow through receptors

40. Synaptic transition

41. postsynapse presynapse

42. Aksodendritic Synaps Aksosomatik Synaps Aksoaksonic Synaps

44. Pathways • Neurons which carry the same kind of neurotransmitter set up specific networks while processing information, they also make contact with each other • Each of the neurotransmitter way realizes original functions through making contact between some brain parts

45. NT pathways

47. DOPAMINE NOREPINEPHRINE ATTENTION MOTIVATION PLEASURE REWARD ALERTNESS ENERGY MOOD ANXIETY OBSESSIONS ANDCOMPULSIONS SEROTONIN Stahl. Essential Psychopharmacology. 1996 Clinical correlates of neurotransmitter regulation of mood, cognition, and behavior

48. DOPAMIN • Functions • Pleasure and reward system • Strengthen • Motivation • Learning • Attention • Operation memory • Action selector • Search of newness • Getting motor skills • Inadequacy • Inadequacy in pleasure • Scacity of motivation • Apati • Scarcity of attention • Deceleration of information • Excession • Blazing up Psychosis • Psychomoteur activation

49. Noradrenalin (NA) • Functions • Awareness/Wakefulness • Energy • Attention,concentration • Alarm system • Stress reactions • Inadequacy • Letarji • Decrease in wakefulness • Attention decrease • Problems of concentration and remember • Deceleration of processing information • Depressed feeling • Deceleration of psychomoteur • Weakness • Excession • Tremor • Tachicardia

50. Serotonin (5-HT) • Maturation, rationalistic behavior • Ache perception • Sleepness-wakefulness • Sexual activity • Stress reactions • Front pitüiter hormon arrangement • Appetite arrangement • Body heat arrangement