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Randall Martin with contributions from

Satellite Remote Sensing of NO 2 as an Indicator of Aerosol Pollution: Opportunities from GEMS (and GOCI) Observations. Randall Martin with contributions from Aaron van Donkelaar , Shailesh Kharol , Matthew Cooper, Sajeev Philip Lok Lamsal (Dalhousie  NASA). 3 rd GEMS Workshop

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Randall Martin with contributions from

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  1. Satellite Remote Sensing of NO2 as an Indicator of Aerosol Pollution: Opportunities from GEMS (and GOCI) Observations Randall Martin with contributions from Aaron van Donkelaar, ShaileshKharol, Matthew Cooper, SajeevPhilip LokLamsal (Dalhousie  NASA) 3rd GEMS Workshop Seoul, Korea 9 Oct 2012

  2. Outdoor Air Pollution is Projected to Become the Top Cause of Environmentally Related Deaths Worldwide: Need to Understand and Observe Particulate Matter and Sources GEMS SO2&NO2??? NOx (GEMS NO2), VOCs (GEMS HCHO) OECD, 2012

  3. General Approach to Estimate Surface Concentration Daily Satellite AOD and NO2 Column Coincident Model (GEOS-Chem) Profile Altitude Concentration • S→ Surface Concentration • Ω → Tropospheric column Encouraging Consistency of Simulated and Measured Profiles NO2 Aerosol Extinction SO2 GEOS-Chem (GC) Caliop(CAL) In Situ GEOS-Chem Optical depth above altitude z Total column optical depth Martin et al., JGR, 2004 Lee et al., JGR, 2009 van Donkelaar et al., EHP, 2010

  4. Global Climatology (2001-2006) of PM2.5Derived from MODIS & MISR AOD Evaluation for US/Canada r=0.77 slope=1.07 n=1057 Evaluation with measurements outside Canada/US EHP Paper of the Year van Donkelaar et al., EHP, 2010

  5. Multiple Pollutants Affect Air Quality • Mortality not well explained by PM2.5 and O3 alone • Mortality can be more strongly associated with NO2 than either PM2.5 or O3 (e.g. Stieb et al. 2007) • NO2 is an indicator of exposure to combustion sources that increase airmass toxicity (Brook et al., 2007)

  6. NO2:Indicator of Population Exposure to Combustion SourcesOMI-Derived NO2 Lamsal et al., ES&T, in prep

  7. Regional Relation of NO2Concentration with Urban Population (NO2Increasing Population Density Increases Pollution Levels Despite Decreases in Per Capita Local Emissions β=0.41 β=0.35 Similar slopes for NOx emissions vs population Log10 of NO2Mixing Ratio (ppbv) β=0.70 β=0.30 Log10 of population (millions) Lamsal et al., ES&T, in prep

  8. A Satellite-Based Multipollutant Index from PM2.5 & NO2 Shanghai Beijing Delhi Karachi Seoul Cairo Lima Tehran Los Angeles Berlin Moscow Nairobi NO2 MPI (unitless) PM2.5 0 1 2 5 7 9 11 13 15 0 4 8 12 Satellite-Based Multipollutant Index (Unitless) MPI Multipollutant Index PM2.5 (ug/m3) AQG = WHO Air Quality Guideline Cooper et al., ES&T, 2012

  9. Satellite-Model Estimate of Aerosol Composition Indicates Sulfate-Nitrate-Ammonium Aerosol Dominates Global Health Burden SO42- NO3- NH4+ Organic Matter Mineral Dust Philip et al., EHP, in prep.

  10. PM2.5 Nearly as Sensitive to NOx as to SO2 and NH3 GEOS-Chem Calculation of Annual PM2.5 Response to 10% Change in Emissions ΔNOx Emissions ΔSO2 Emissions ΔNH3 Emissions Kharol et al., GRL, in prep

  11. Increasing NOx Emissions Increases NO3-, NH4+, and SO42-Increasing SO2 Emissions Decreases NO3- Kharol et al., GRL, in prep

  12. Challenges in Development of AMF Calculation for GEMSLargest Source of Uncertainty in LEO Trace Gas Retrievals • Representing diurnal variation in surface reflectance during the period before measured from GEMS (use GOCI?) • Diurnal variation in trace gas profile (changes rapidly in morning) • Accounting for aerosols (still unresolved for LEO). Existing cloud products partially account for aerosol Altitude Concentration

  13. SPARTAN: An Emerging Global Network to Evaluate and Improve Satellite-Based Estimates of PM2.5Measures PM2.5 Mass & Composition at AERONET sitesOpportunity to Coordinate with GEMS Validation? AOD from CIMEL Sunphotometer (AERONET) PM2.5 Sampling Station from Vanderlei Martins (UMBC)

  14. Contribute to Global Constellation by Linking GEMS with Other Geostationary Missions Through PCW/PHEOS Observing All Three Regions over 30N-60N PCW / PHEOS PHEOS PI: Jack McConnell Europe (e.g. Sentinel-4) North America Asia (e.g. GEMS) e.g.

  15. GEMS NO2 Observations Will Be a Key Indicator of Aerosol Pollution NO2 Indicator of Combustion Sources Sulfate-Nitrate-Ammonium Aerosol Sensitive to NOx Emissions Challenges • Intercalibration of geostationary instruments & retrievals • Slant to Column (i.e. diurnal components of AMF) Acknowledgements: NSERC, Environment Canada, Health Canada, NASA

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