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Solubility

Solubility. What does dissolving look like?. The process of dissolving. The process of dissolving is called solvation . STEP 1: Solvent is attracted to the solute. STEP 2: Solvent particles surround the solute particles and pull them into solution. Parts of a Solution. Solute and Solvent

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Solubility

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  1. Solubility

  2. What does dissolving look like?

  3. The process of dissolving • The process of dissolving is called solvation. • STEP 1: Solvent is attracted to the solute. • STEP 2: Solvent particles surround the solute particles and pull them into solution.

  4. Parts of a Solution • Solute and Solvent • Solute – the substance being dissolved. • Solvent – the substance that is doing the dissolving (usually present in a greater amount).

  5. Write down the phrase… • The solute dissolves INTO THE solvent.

  6. What is Solubility? • Solubility is a physical property. • Solubility describes the solute in a solution. • Solubility is the amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a liquid under specifiedconditions.

  7. How is Solubility Expressed? _____ g / 100g of water at _____ °C Solute Solvent Temperature Solubility is the amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a liquid under specified conditions.

  8. What Does it Mean? _____ g / 100g of water at _____ °C • How do we find out how well something will dissolve??? • We have to test it.

  9. How Do We Set Up an Experiment? Constants (things that remain the same for all test groups) Independent Variable (manipulated or controlled by the experimenter – cause) Dependent Variable (depends on the independent variable – effect) (used as a standard of comparison) Control

  10. How Many Parts Does this Experiment Have? _____ g / 100g of water at _____ °C Three Parts…. Hmmmm, which one is which? Constant • Which one remains the same regardless of what substance is being tested? • Which one is manipulated by the experimenter? • Which one demonstrates the effect of the experiment?

  11. Which Variable is Manipulated? • If we increase the temperature, most often more solute will dissolve. We manipulate the temperature to effect the solubility of the solute!!!!!

  12. How is Solubility Expressed? _____ g / 100g of water at _____ °C Dependent Variable (EFFECT) Constant Independent Variable (CAUSE)

  13. Graphing the Results • So, which part of our experiment does not need to be included on the graph? WATER

  14. Graphing the Results Dependent (y) – Each finger in the group depends on the others. Independent (x) – Thumb stands alone relying on no one but himself.

  15. Example: KCl (potassium chloride) 30 g / 100g of water at 10 °C This point represents the MAXIMUM amount of KCl that will dissolve into 100g of water at 10 °C Dependent Independent

  16. What is Another Word for MAXIMUM Amount Dissolved? • Saturation – A saturated solution is reached when no more solute can dissolve into a solvent at a given temperature.

  17. Saturated Solution: • Saturation of a solution is sort of like saturation of a sponge. There are only so many holes in a sponge to hold a liquid, and when it is full there is simply no more room. Magnified Sponge (x40)

  18. Solubility Curve What if the prepared solution was 40g KCl/ 100g water at 10°C?

  19. Supersaturated Solution: • We heat our solvent to 42 degrees. • At 42 degrees the solvent will hold a maximum of 40 grams. • What would we need to do next? • COOL IT DOWN!!!

  20. Supersaturated Solution: • The solution will hold the extra solute!!!

  21. Review What We’ve Learned: Solutions that are described by the line are always SATURATED SOLUTIONS. Solutions that are above the line are always SUPERSATURATED SOLUTIONS.

  22. Solubility Curve What if the prepared solution was 10g KCl/ 100g water at 10°C?

  23. Unsaturated Solution: • An unsaturated solution is like a sponge that can hold more water. More solute can be dissolved at that temperature. I’m still thirsty!

  24. Review What We’ve Learned (Again): Solutions that are below the line are always UNSATURATED SOLUTIONS. Solutions that are described by the line are always SATURATED SOLUTIONS. Solutions that are above the line are always SUPERSATURATED SOLUTIONS.

  25. Most solubility curves show the solubility of more than one solute. These graphs show comparisons. Which solute is most soluble at 100˚C? Solubility Curve Looks like 240g of KNO3 can dissolve in 100g of water at 100˚C. KNO3 is most soluble at 100 degrees.

  26. Solubility Curve: _____ g / 100g of water at _____ °C What if we change the amount of water?

  27. Think About It: If we make one pack of Kool-Aid, we will need 2 quarts of water. If we make two packs of Kool-Aid, and we want it to have the same concentration as a 1 pack Kool-Aid solution, how much water would we need?

  28. Solubility Curve • In order to reach saturation, if we double the amount of water that is being used to prepare the solution, we would need to also double the solute. 20 g / 100g of water at 25 °C 40 g / 200g of water at 25 °C

  29. How many grams of KBr would be needed to saturate 50g of water at 90°C? Example: It takes 100g of KBr to saturate 100g of water, so it would take 50g of KBr to saturate 50g of water.

  30. Quiz • A scientist uses 100 grams of water to test the solubility of sugar. If the solution is saturated by 110g of sugar at 25°C, how many grams would be needed to saturate 300g of water at that same temperature? A. 330g B. 220g C. 50g D. 110g

  31. A scientist uses 100 grams of water to test the solubility of sugar. She finds that the solution is saturated by 110g of sugar at 25°C. What is the independent variable in this experiment? A. water B. temperature C. sugar D. scientist

  32. A solution is prepared with 10g of NaCl at 120°C. What type of solution is it? A. Unsaturated B. Saturated C. Supersaturated D. Heterogeneous

  33. How many grams of KBr are needed to saturate 100g of water at 90°C? A. 80g B. 90g C. 100g D. 110g

  34. How many grams of KBr are needed to saturate 200g of water at 90°C? A. 160g B. 180g C. 200g D. 220g

  35. Quiz • A scientist uses 100 grams of water to test the solubility of sugar. If the solution is saturated by 110g of sugar at 25°C, how many grams would be needed to saturate 300g of water at that same temperature? A. 330g B. 220g C. 50g D. 110g

  36. A scientist uses 100 grams of water to test the solubility of sugar. She finds that the solution is saturated by 110g of sugar at 25°C. What is the independent variable in this experiment? A. water B. temperature C. sugar D. scientist

  37. A solution is prepared with 10g of NaCl at 120°C. What type of solution is it? A. Unsaturated B. Saturated C. Supersaturated D. Heterogeneous

  38. How many grams of KBr are needed to saturate 100g of water at 90°C? A. 80g B. 90g C. 100g D. 110g

  39. How many grams of KBr are needed to saturate 200g of water at 90°C? A. 160g B. 180g C. 200g D. 220g

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